chapter1

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩疯糠绯婄硦闂达紝澶忛湶婊嬪惉鍒颁袱涓�浜虹殑瀵硅瘽锛屼竴涓�鐢蜂汉鍜屼竴涓�濂充汉銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笁涓�浜匡紝鏉庤�佸叚锛屼綘鍙�鐪熸暍瑕佸晩銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鐢蜂汉绗戜簡涓�澹帮紝鈥滃瓱鐟撅紝杩欎斧澶撮暱寰楀彲鏄�涓�缁濓紝杩樻病琚�浜轰笂杩囷紝涓変釜浜匡紝鐪熶笉杩囧垎銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笁鍗佷竾銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笉鍙�鑳斤紝鎮ㄨ繖鏍锋垜鍙�灏辫�佹壘涓嬩竴瀹朵簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄參璧颁笉閫併�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鐫�闂ㄤ技涔庡紑浜嗭紝澶忛湶婊嬫參鎱㈢潄寮�鐪肩潧锛屽叆鐪煎氨鏄�涓�鍙岀毊闉嬪拰涓�鍙岄珮璺熼瀷銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃懄锛岄啋浜嗭紝鎴戣繕浠ヤ负鏄�涓�鈥樻畫娆″搧鈥欏憿銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪惉鐫�濂充汉鐨勮皟渚冿紝娌夐粯鐫�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍑犲ぉ鍓嶏紝鏉庤�佸叚闂�杩涗簡濂圭殑瀹讹紝鎷垮嚭涓�浠藉ス鐖舵瘝鐨勬�讳骸鎶ュ憡鍜屽�哄姟鎶靛伩涔︼紝澶忓�剁殑涓�鍒囷紝鍖呮嫭澶忛湶婊嬶紝鍏ㄩ儴鎶电粰鏉庤�佸叚銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪緢瀹虫�曪紝濂逛互涓烘潕鑰佸叚浼氬�瑰ス鍋氫粈涔堬紝娌℃兂鍒板彧鏄�鎯虫妸濂瑰崠鍑哄幓銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鐢ㄦ潕鑰佸叚鐨勮瘽璇达細鈥滄湁浜嗛挶浠�涔堟病鏈夈�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏉庤�佸叚鐪嬩簡涓�鐪煎�忛湶婊嬶紝闂�閬擄細鈥滄�庝箞鏍凤紝瀛熻�佹澘锛熶拱涓嶄拱锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢鎵撻噺浜嗕竴鐣�澶忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滀竷鍗佷竾銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬紦缂撳潗璧锋潵锛岀湅鐫�鐪煎墠鐨勪袱浜恒��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎴栬�稿洜涓哄ス鏄�涓�濂崇敓锛屽張鐢ㄤ簡鑽�锛屼笉瓒充负鎯э紝鏉庤�佸叚绔熸槸涓�鐐规潫缂氶兘娌℃湁缁欏ス銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪垽鏂�濂芥柟鍚戯紝瓒佺潃涓や汉涓嶆敞鎰忥紝鎮勬倓绔欒捣鏉ワ紝浠ユ瀬蹇�鐨勯�熷害鍚戦棬鍙ｈ窇鍘汇��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓や汉鐨嗘槸涓�鎰ｏ紝闅忓嵆鍙嶅簲杩囨潵锛屼究鍚�鐢蜂汉瀵圭潃闂ㄥ彛鍠婇亾锛屸�滄嫤浣忓ス锛佲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭韩瀛愪竴寮�锛屼粭鐫�闂ㄥ彛鐨勪汉杩樻病鏈夊弽搴旇繃鏉ワ紝閽讳簡鍑哄幓銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢绗戜簡涓�澹帮紝鈥滄潕鑰佸叚锛屼綘绔熺劧鍙�缁欏ス鐢ㄤ簡鑽�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鐢蜂汉鈥滃搸鍛�鈥濅竴澹帮紝蹇冧笅鎯崇潃澶ф剰浜嗭紝璺熶簡鍑哄幓銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫嫾灏藉叏鍔涘悜鍓嶈窇鍘伙紝濂逛笉鐭ラ亾鎬庝箞鎵嶈兘绂诲紑杩欓噷锛屽彧鎯崇潃鍐嶅揩涓�鐐广�佸啀蹇�涓�鐐光�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绐佺劧锛屽ス鎾炰笂浜嗕竴涓�浜恒��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄兂鐫�浜嬫儏锛屾�ｈ�佹嫄寮�锛岀寷鍦拌��浜烘挒浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鍚庨��涓ゆ�ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅毐鐪夛紝浠�涔堜汉杩欎箞娌¤�勭煩锛屾姮鐪肩湅鍘伙紝鏄�涓�涓�鑴忓叜鍏�鐨勫皬濂崇敓銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬紦浜嗕竴涓嬭韩褰�锛岀湅鐫�鍥翠笂鏉ョ殑榛戣。浜猴紝鏃犺矾鍙�閫�锛屽ス鍙堢湅鍚戦檲鐑涙�溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂规棤娉曞垽鏂�闄堢儧鎬滄槸浠�涔堜汉锛屽崟灏辩湅鐫�濂规俯鍜屾厛鍠勶紝蹇冧竴鐙犱笅浜嗗喅瀹氾紝韬插埌浜嗛檲鐑涙�滆韩鍚庯紝鎶撶潃闄堢儧鎬滆。鏈嶏紝鈥滄眰姹備綘锛屾晳鎴戔�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄寫鐪夛紝浼肩瑧闈炵瑧鐨勭湅鐫�澶忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃皬濮愶紝杩欐槸鎴戠殑浜恒�傗�濇潕鑰佸叚璺戣繃鏉ワ紝鐪嬬潃韬插湪闄堢儧鎬滆韩鍚庣殑澶忛湶婊嬶紝璇淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄��澶达紝娴呮祬涓�绗戯紝鈥滀綘鐨勶紵鏈変粈涔堣瘉鎹�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鈥︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃瓱鑰佹澘濂藉晩銆傗�濆瓱鐟捐蛋杩囨潵灏氭湭寮�鍙ｏ紝闄堢儧鎬滃厛琛屾墦浜嗘嫑鍛笺��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢绗戜簡涓�涓嬶紝娌℃湁鎴崇┛闄堢儧鎬滐紝鈥滈檲灏忓�愬ソ銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃瓱鑰佹澘锛岃繖浣嶆槸锛熲�濇潕鑰佸叚闂�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈檲灏忓�愶紝榄呭�滅殑璐点�佸��銆傗�濆瓱鐟炬晠鎰忓姞閲嶄簡鈥滆吹瀹⑩�濅袱涓�瀛楋紝闄堢儧鎬滄棤澹扮殑绗戜簡涓�涓嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃瓱鑰佹澘锛岄瓍澶滃垰鏉ョ殑锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滈棶锛岃櫧娌℃寚鍚嶉亾濮擄紝浣嗛兘鐭ラ亾璇寸殑鏄�澶忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢鎽囧ご锛屸�滀笉鏄�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃摝锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滄剰澶栫殑鎸戞寫鐪夛紝鈥滄槸娌¤皥鎴愶紝杩樻槸杩樻病璋堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄病璋堟垚銆傗�濆瓱鐟鹃亾銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏉庤�佸叚涓婂墠涓�姝ヨ�达細鈥滆繖浣嶅皬濮愶紝鎮ㄥ彲鏈夊叴瓒ｏ紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃洖澶寸湅鐪嬪�忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滄湁鍟婏紝鍙�浣犱滑涓嶆槸娌¤皥鎴愬槢銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖鈥︹�︹�濇潕鑰佸叚鐘硅鲍涓�涓嬭�达細鈥滈檲灏忓�愶紝鎮ㄨ嫢鏈夊叴瓒ｏ紝鎴戝彲浠ョ洿鎺ュ崠缁欐偍锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃棨绗戜竴澹帮紝鈥滃�氬皯閽憋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笁浜裤�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笁浜匡紵鎸鸿吹鍟娿�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滄极涓嶇粡蹇冪殑鐪嬩簡瀛熺懢涓�鐪硷紝瀛熺懢缁欏ス鍥炰簡涓�涓�鏃犲�堢殑琛ㄦ儏銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪績涓嬩竴鎯婏紝鎵嬩笂鏀ョ潃闄堢儧鎬滆。鏈嶇殑鎵嬫崗寰楁洿绱т簡涓�浜涳紝濂瑰皬澹板湴璇达細鈥滃皬濮愶紝鍙�瑕佹偍鏁戞垜锛屾垜鍋氫粈涔堥兘鍙�浠ャ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀晶澶达紝鈥滃仛浠�涔堥兘鍙�浠ワ紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬姽璞�涓�涓嬶紝鐐圭偣澶淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃彲鏄�涓変嚎鍟婏紝澶�璐典簡銆傗�濋檲鐑涙�滄晠浣滄儖鎯滅殑璇达紝鈥滀綘鍒板簳鍊间笉鍊间笁浜匡紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬牬缃愬瓙鐮存憯锛岄亾锛氣�滃�硷紒鎴戝�肩殑锛侀挶鎴戜竴瀹氫細杩樼粰浣犵殑锛屾晳鎴戔�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧浜嗕竴澹帮紝瀵瑰瓱鐟捐�达細鈥滆繖浜烘垜瑕佷簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欒瘽閲岀殑鎰忔�濆凡缁忓緢娓呮�氫簡锛屽瓱鐟句笉鍐嶅�氳█锛屾潕鑰佸叚涔熷緢鏄�楂樺叴锛屽緢蹇�鍦ㄥ瓱鐟剧殑鍗忓姪涓嬶紝鍔炲畬浜嗘墜缁�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭窡鐫�闄堢儧鎬滆繘浜嗕竴涓�鎴块棿锛屸�滆阿璋㈡偍锛岃繖閽变互鍚庢垜浼氳繕缁欐偍銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅珯鍦ㄦ�岃竟锛岀湅鐫�绐楀�栵紝鎵嬫寚鏈変竴涓嬫病涓�涓嬬殑鏁叉墦鐫�妗屽瓙锛屾病鏈夎�磋瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜鍙�浠ョ粰鎮ㄦ墦娆犳潯锛屾垜淇濊瘉涓�瀹氫細杩樼粰鎮ㄣ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鍒拌繖鍙ヨ瘽锛岄檲鐑涙�滅粓浜庤浆杩囦簡韬�锛屸�滄瑺鏉★紵濂藉晩銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;璇寸潃锛屽コ浜烘嬁鍑轰竴寮犵焊鍜屼竴鏍圭瑪鏀惧湪杩欐�屼笂锛屽嬀鎵嬭�╁�忛湶婊嬭繃鏉ワ紝鈥滄垜璇达紝浣犲啓銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬偣澶达紝鎶撹捣浜嗙瑪銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄湰浜烘瑺鍊轰笁浜垮厓锛岃嚜鎰挎垚涓哄コ宸�鐨勫ゴ闅讹紝鎵�鏈夋潈鍒╁綊濂冲帆鎵�鏈夈�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滅湅鐫�澶忛湶婊嬶紝绗戠潃璇达細鈥滅劧鍚庣�句笂浣犵殑鍚嶅瓧銆傗��