chapter3

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃湪瀛熺懢杩欓噷鍧愪簡涓�浼氬効锛屾墠鍥炲埌鎴块棿銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;楂樿窡闉嬬殑澹伴煶鍐嶆�″搷璧凤紝琚�钂欑潃鐪肩潧鐨勫�忛湶婊嬶紝鍚�瑙夊彉寰楁牸澶栫伒鏁忥紝濂逛笉纭�瀹氬洖鏉ョ殑浜烘槸涓嶆槸鍒氬垰鐨勫コ宸�锛屾�讳箣鍏夌潃韬�浣撹�佷换浣曚汉閮戒笉浼氳�╁ス鑸掓湇銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂硅蛋鍒板�忛湶婊嬭窡鍓嶏紝浠旂粏瑙傝祻鐫�濂圭殑韬�浣撱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪緢鐦︼紝閿侀�ㄥ嚫璧凤紝鑵扮嚎绱ф敹锛屽皢杩戜竴绫抽暱鐨勮吙鐧界殭鍏夋粦锛岀瑪鐩寸粏闀匡紝缁欎汉涓�绉嶉毦浠ヨ█璇寸殑楠ㄦ劅涔嬬編銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍞�涓�鐨勭憰鐤靛氨鏄�韬�涓婃湁浜涜剰姹★紝鎴栬�告槸杩欏嚑澶╂潵鐨勬專鎵庨�犳垚鐨勶紝姣曠珶濂归偅鏉＄櫧瑁欏瓙涔熸棭灏变笉鐧戒簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀几鎵嬪叧浜嗙數娴佹帶鍒舵寜閽�锛岀數娴佹秷澶辩殑涓�鐬�闂达紝澶忛湶婊嬪仠姝�浜嗘垬鏍楋紝浼兼槸鍒氫粠姝荤�炴墜閲岄�冭劚涓�鏍凤紝鑳歌啗涓婁笅璧蜂紡鐫�锛屾兂瑕佸懠鍚告洿澶氱殑绌烘皵锛屽彲鍙堝洜涓哄彛濉炵殑闃绘尅锛岃繖涓�鍔ㄤ綔渚挎樉寰楁牸澶栬壈闅俱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃彇涓嬪�忛湶婊嬪槾閲岀殑鍙ｅ�烇紝鎵嬫寚椤虹潃澶忛湶婊嬭劯棰婅交杞绘粦涓婂幓锛屾巰寮�浜嗛伄浣忕溂鐫涚殑甯﹀瓙锛屽洜涓虹粦鐫�澶村彂锛屽甫瀛愭病鏈夋帀涓嬫潵锛岃�屾槸鏉炬澗鍨�鍨�鐨勬寕鍦ㄨ剳鍚庛��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄�庝箞鏍凤紵鎯虫竻妤氫簡鍚楋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滈潬鍧愮潃妗屽瓙锛岀湅鐫�澶忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶翠笉璇磋瘽锛屾棤澹扮殑鍙嶆姉鐫�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆交绗戜竴澹帮紝鈥滄湁鍌查�ㄣ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂瑰弽鎵嬫嬁璧锋�屼笂鐨勮祫鏂欙細鈥滃�忛湶婊嬶紝20宀侊紝S娲插浗闃茬�戞妧澶у�︽硶寰嬩笓涓氬ぇ浜屾湰绉戠敓锛屼綘鎯冲洖瀛︽牎鍚楋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鍒拌繖鍙ヨ瘽锛屽�忛湶婊嬫姮璧蜂簡澶达紝鈥滄垜鈥︹�︽垜杩樿兘涓婂�︼紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄��澶达紝鈥滃綋鐒讹紝涓轰粈涔堜笉鑳斤紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃彲鏄�鈥︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃彲鏄�浣犵幇鍦ㄥ崠缁欎簡鎴戯紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬偣澶淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧鐫�璇达細鈥滄垜杩欎汉瀵瑰ゴ闅朵竴鍚戝�藉�癸紝鍙�瑕佷綘涔栦箹鐨勶紝鎴戣繕鏄�鍙�浠ュ厑璁镐綘鐨勪竴浜涜�锋眰锛屽寘鎷�涓婂�︺�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫矇榛樹簡锛岄檲鐑涙�滅殑璇濋噷锛屽ス涓婂�︾殑鍓嶆彁鏉′欢锛岃繕鏄�闇�瑕佸ス鈥︹�﹁嚕鏈嶁�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀篃涓嶇潃鎬ュス鍋氬嚭鍥炵瓟锛屾瘯绔熸槸涓婁簡澶у�︾殑锛岃繕涓嶈嚦浜庨偅涔堣牏锛屽ス璧拌繃鍘绘妸澶忛湶婊嬫斁浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝鍙�鐣欎笅浜嗚剸瀛愪笂鐨勯」鍦堬紝鈥滀笉鐢ㄧ潃鎬ュ洖绛旓紝甯︿綘鐪嬬偣涓滆タ銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀粠娌欏彂涓婃崬杩囨潵涓�涓�姣�瀛愶紝鎵旂粰澶忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滄姭涓婏紝璺熸垜璧般�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬姽璞�浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鎷跨潃姣�瀛愰棶锛氣�滄垜鍙�涓嶅彲浠ユ妸琛ｆ湇绌夸笂銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆蛋鍒伴棬鍙ｏ紝鎶婃墜鏀惧埌闂ㄦ妸涓婏紝鈥滀笁绉掗挓锛岃�佷箞鎶�鐫�姣�瀛愬嚭鍘伙紝瑕佷箞鍏夌潃韬�瀛愬嚭鍘伙紝鎴戜笉浠嬫剰銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬湅鐫�闄堢儧鎬滄墜涓婂紑闂ㄧ殑鍔ㄤ綔锛岀珛椹�鎶婃��瀛愭姭鍦ㄤ簡韬�涓婏紝鍗磋繕鏄�绔欏湪灞嬮噷涓嶈偗鍔ㄤ竴姝ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃洖澶寸湅濂癸紝鈥滀笉鎯冲儚鐙椾竴鏍疯��鎴戠壍鐫�鍑哄幓锛屽氨涔栦箹璺熶笂銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬浉淇″ス缁濆�硅�村埌鍋氬埌锛屼笉鍐嶇姽璞�锛岀户缁�璺熶笂闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绔欏湪璧板粖閲岋紝闄堢儧鎬滄嫑鍛煎�忛湶婊嬭蛋鍒版爮鏉嗚窡鍓嶏紝澶忛湶婊嬩笉鏁㈤潬鐨勫お杩戯紝浼氳蛋鍏夛紝钀藉悗涓�姝ョ珯鍦ㄤ竴杈广��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鎵�鍦ㄧ殑鍖哄煙鏄�鍖楀尯锛屽コ濂寸殑涓昏�佽皟鏁欏湴锛屽�归潰鏄�鍗楀尯锛岀敺濂寸殑璋冩暀鍦般�傗�濋『鐫�闄堢儧鎬滄寚鐨勬柟鍚戯紝澶忛湶婊嬬湅杩囧幓锛屽彂鐜板湪姣忎釜妤煎眰鐨勫寳闈�涓�闂撮兘鏈変竴鏉¤繃閬擄紝瀵归潰淇ㄧ劧鏄�涓庤繖杈圭浉宸�鏃犲嚑鐨勫缓绛戙��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃綋鐒讹紝鈥濋檲鐑涙�滆ˉ鍏呴亾锛屸�滃湪鍝�鍎胯皟鏁欎富瑕佺湅璋冩暀甯堢殑蹇冩儏銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅鐫�妤间笅锛屸�滀竴妤硷紝娌′粈涔堝ソ鐜╃殑锛屼富瑕佸氨鏄�寰呭��锛屼綘濡傛灉鎯宠窇鐨勮瘽锛屽氨濂藉ソ鐮旂┒涓�涓嬩竴妤肩殑甯冮槻銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬寷鐨勬姮澶达紝鐪嬪悜闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鈥滀笉鐢ㄧ湅鎴戯紝浣犳兂鐨勪粈涔堟垜娓呮竻妤氭�氾紝濂夊姖浣犱竴鍙ワ紝杩欒緢瀛愶紝闄ら潪鎴戜富鍔ㄥ甫浣犵�诲紑榄呭�滐紝鍚﹀垯锛屼綘鍑轰笉鍘汇�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪�嶅張浣庝笅澶达紝涓嶈�磋瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃湴涓嬫湁涓夊眰锛岀帺鐨勫氨姣旇緝寮�浜嗐�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滃洖澶寸湅浜嗕竴鐪煎�忛湶婊嬶紝绗戠潃璇达細鈥滃笇鏈涗綘涓嶄細鏈夋満浼氬幓閭ｅ効銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅殑绗戜护澶忛湶婊嬪績鐢熻儐棰わ紝浣嗚繕鏄�闂�閬擄細鈥滄�庝箞浼氬幓閭ｏ紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅姱閿欍�佸嚭閫冦�佹垨鑰呪�︹�︽病鏈夌悊鐢便�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄病鏈夌悊鐢憋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃洖韬�闈犲湪鏍忔潌涓婏紝鈥滃彧瑕佹垜涓�鍙ヨ瘽锛屼笉闇�瑕佷换浣曠悊鐢憋紝浣犲氨鍙�浠ュ幓閭ｅ効銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬毐鐪夛紝浣庡瀭鐫�鐪肩湼锛屼笉璇磋瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀笉鐢氬湪鎰忥紝缁х画璇撮亾锛氣�滀簩妤煎埌鍥涙ゼ涓哄叕寮�鐜╀箰鍖猴紝鐜╃殑鏂瑰紡涔熸尯澶氱殑銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀簲妤硷紝灏辨槸浣犳墍鍦ㄧ殑妤煎眰锛屽埌涓冩ゼ鏄�鎵�鏈夎皟鏁欏笀鐨勫尯鍩燂紝濡傛灉浣犳兂鍕炬惌鍏朵粬璋冩暀甯堬紝鍙�浠ラ殢鎰忔暡闂�锛屽儚寮�鐩茬洅涓�鏍凤紝鎸哄ソ鐜╃殑銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍛靛懙锛屽ソ鐜╂槸杩欐牱瀹氫箟鐨勫悧锛熷�忛湶婊嬪績閲岃吂璇介亾锛屽綋鐒讹紝濂规病鏈夎�村嚭鍙ｃ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃啀寰�涓婃槸浼氬�㈠巺鍜屾嫑寰呭�勶紝涓嶈繃鏃㈢劧鏄�浠ユ垜涓�浜虹殑鍚嶄箟涔扮殑浣狅紝浣犲簲璇ユ槸娌′粈涔堟満浼氫笂鍘荤殑銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆蛋鍒颁竴闂存埧闂撮棬鍙ｏ紝杞昏交鏁蹭簡涓や笅锛屾帹寮�浜嗛棬銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闂ㄥ唴鐨勬櫙璞¤�╁�忛湶婊嬪ぇ涓洪渿鎯婏紝涓�涓�绌跨潃榛戣壊绱ц韩鐨�琛ｇ殑濂充汉鎷跨潃闉�瀛愶紝鍦颁笂瓒寸潃鍙︿竴涓�濂充汉锛岃韩涓婇灜鐥曢亶甯冿紝鎵嬭厱銆佽剼鑵曡繕鏈夎��鍕掑嚭鏉ョ殑绾㈢棔锛岀敋鑷冲ス鐨勮韩鍚庤繕鎻掔潃浠�涔堜笢瑗匡紝鍙�鏄�濂充汉璁╁ス鎶�澶寸殑鏃跺�欙紝濂圭殑鐪肩�炴槸閭ｄ箞鐨勮檾璇氾紝灏卞ソ鍍忛潰瀵硅嚜宸辩殑绁炴槑涓�鏍凤紝<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂充汉鐪嬭�侀檲鐑涙�滆繘鏉ワ紝鍙堢湅鍚戣韩鍚庣殑澶忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滄柊鏀剁殑锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅偣鐐瑰ご锛屸�滃甫濂规潵瑙佽�佷笘闈�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖娆″張鐜╀粈涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鐚溿�傗��<br />
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&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈変竴涓�浜虹帺鐫�鍙︿竴涓�浜虹殑锛屾湁澶氫釜浜虹帺鐫�涓�涓�浜虹殑锛屼粬浠�鏈夌殑浼氱敤鍚勭�嶅伐鍏凤紝鐢氳嚦杩樻湁鐨勭敤鐫�鍚勭�嶅ぇ鍨嬬殑鏈哄櫒鈥︹�﹂潚澶╃櫧鏃ワ紝浠栦滑鍏夎８鐫�韬�浣擄紝鍗存��涓嶄负姝ゆ劅鍒扮緸鑰伙紝浠栦滑鑽掓帆銆佹斁鑽★紝鑹叉儏鐨勬皵鍛冲讥婕�鐫�鏁翠釜澶у巺锛屼粬浠�浜�鍙楃潃杩欎釜杩囩▼锛屼笉璁烘槸琛ｅ啝妤氭�氱殑涓婁綅鑰咃紝杩樻槸瓒翠紡鍦ㄥ埆浜鸿剼涓嬩激鐥曠疮绱�鐨勮嚕鏈嶈�呪�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鐩�鐨勮揪鎴愶紝闄堢儧鎬滃張甯︾潃澶忛湶婊嬪洖浜嗕簲妤肩殑鎴块棿銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄�庝箞鏍凤紝鏈変粈涔堟兂娉曞悧锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滃潗鍦ㄦ�屽瓙鍚庤竟锛岀繕鐫�浜岄儙鑵跨湅鐫�绔欏湪涓嶈繙澶勭殑澶忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩緷鏃т綆鐫�澶翠笉璇磋瘽锛屽彲鏄�閭ｇ揣缁风殑韬�浣撴毚闇蹭簡澶忛湶婊嬬殑瀹虫�曘��<br />
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