chapter15

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏁翠釜榛戣壊甯冨眬锛屽�欒竟鎸傛弧浜嗗悇绉嶅伐鍏凤紝涓�鏉＄櫧鑹茬桓甯﹁繛鎺ュ�硅�掔嚎锛屼腑闂存墦浜嗕笉灏戠粨銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏁翠釜绌洪棿閮芥槸闃存矇榛戞殫鐨勶紝鏃犲舰涔嬮棿缁欎簡澶忛湶婊嬪己澶х殑鍘嬭揩鎰燂紝澶忛湶婊嬩笅鎰忚瘑鍚庨��涓�姝ワ紝姝ｆ挒涓婅韩鍚庣殑闄堢儧鎬滐紝澶忛湶婊嬪洖澶达細鈥滄垜鈥︹�︽垜杩樻槸鎷煎惂銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃嬀鍞囨祬绗戯紝鎷夌潃澶忛湶婊嬭蛋浜嗚繘鍘汇��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅粰澶忛湶婊嬫崲浜嗚烦铔嬶紝鑳镐笂鐨勮创鐗囦篃鍙栦簡涓嬫潵锛岃叞涓婄户缁�缁戠細鐫�娌欒�嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄嬁鏉ヤ竴鎹嗛粦鑹茬殑缁冲瓙锛屾部鐫�鑴栧瓙鍚戝悗锛屾妸濂圭殑鍙屾墜姝绘�诲湴缁戝湪韬�鍚庯紝杩欎釜濮垮娍锛屽ス璺熸湰寮�涓嶄簡鑵般��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄嫾鍥炬敼澶╁啀鎷硷紝鎴戠湅鐫�鏃犺亰銆傗�濊�寸潃锛屽ス鎷夌潃澶忛湶婊嬭蛋鍒颁竴涓�瑙掞紝浼告墜鎶婄桓甯︿笅鎷夛紝鈥滄姮鑵匡紝璺ㄤ笂鍘汇�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬灛闂存槑鐧戒簡浠�涔堬紝鍥炲ご鐪嬪悜闄堢儧鎬滐紝鈥滀富浜猴紝鎴戦敊浜嗭紝鎴戜竴瀹氬ソ濂芥嫾銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃喎绗戯紝鈥滀綘鍙�鐪熸槸鑳藉眻鑳戒几锛屾姮鑵裤�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪埆鏃犱粬娉曪紝鎶�鑵胯法浜嗕笂鍘汇��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃憙鍟娾�︹�︹�濋檲鐑涙�滀竴鏉炬墜锛岀桓甯︾珛鍗虫懇鎿︾潃澶忛湶婊嬮槾鍞囷紝澶忛湶婊嬬揣缁戠潃涓婅韩锛屽姫鍔涜府鑴氭兂瑕佽�╄嚜宸卞ソ鍙椾竴浜涳紝鍙�鏄�鑵颁笂鐨勬矙琚嬪嵈浠ゅス鏁翠釜浜轰笅娌夈��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆共涓嬭韩锛屾彙鐫�澶忛湶婊嬭剼鑵曠寷鐨勫線涓嬩竴鎷夛紝鈥滃晩鈥斺�斺��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;缁稿甫鍘嬬潃闃磋拏鎽╂摝杩涢槾鍞囷紝鐤肩棝杩囧悗涓�闃靛揩鎰熶紶鏉ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄嬁鍑轰竴鍓�鑴氶暎閿佷笂锛屼袱鑴氫箣闂寸殑閾惧瓙浠呬粎鍗佸帢绫筹紝杩欐牱涓�鏉ワ紝澶忛湶婊嬫牴鏈�涓嶅彲鑳藉ぇ姝ュ墠杩涖��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆捣韬�锛岀湅鐫�澶忛湶婊嬪悇绉嶈瘯鍥炬專鎵庡嵈鏃犳祹浜庝簨鐨勫姩浣滐紝绗戜簡涓�澹帮紝鍦ㄤ竴杈规嫧鐫�缁冲瓙锛屾児寰楀�忛湶婊嬮樀闃靛懟鍚燂紝鈥滆繖鏄�鎴戜笓闂ㄦ壘浜哄畾鍋氱殑锛岄槻姘存�х浉杈冧簬涓�鑸�鐨勫竷鏉ヨ�村ソ涓�浜涳紝蹇呴』鐢ㄥぇ閲忕殑姘存墠鑳芥蹈婀裤�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃湪缁稿甫灏藉ご鏀句笂浜嗕竴涓�绗旇�版湰鍜屼竴鏀�閽㈢瑪锛屸�滆蛋杩囧幓鍐嶅洖鏉ワ紝涓夊崄鍒嗛挓搴旇�ユ槸澶熺殑锛屼綘鏃╀笂杩熶簡涓�涓�鍗婂皬鏃讹紝涓変釜鏉ュ洖锛屼綘鎶婂畠娴告箍浜嗭紝杩欎欢浜嬪氨缈荤瘒浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓変釜鏉ュ洖宸茬粡涓嶅彲鑳戒簡锛屾洿鍒�璇磋繕瑕佹蹈婀匡紝澶忛湶婊嬫眰楗剁殑鐪嬬潃闄堢儧鎬滐紝鈥滀富浜衡�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繕鏈夛紝鈥濋檲鐑涙�滆ˉ鍏呴亾锛屸�滀笁涓�鏉ュ洖閲屾妸濂撮毝鍑嗗垯榛樺啓鍦ㄩ偅杈圭殑鏈�瀛愪笂锛屽啓瀹岄渶瑕佸�氶暱鏃堕棿锛熶竴涓�灏忔椂杩樻槸涓や釜灏忔椂锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬湅鐫�瀵归潰鐨勬湰瀛愶紝鐨辩湁锛屼竷涓囧瓧锛屾槸涓�涓や釜灏忔椂鍐欑殑瀹岀殑锛�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖鏍峰惂锛屸�濋檲鐑涙�滈亾锛屸�滀笁涓�鏉ュ洖涓�涓�鍗婂皬鏃讹紝濂撮毝鍑嗗垯缁欎綘涓や釜鍗婂皬鏃讹紝鎬诲叡鍥涗釜灏忔椂锛屼綘鍙�浠ュ紑濮嬩簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笉琛岋紝杩欎笉鍙�鑳解�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅浜嗗ス涓�鐪硷紝鎷垮嚭閬ユ帶鍣�锛岀洿鎺ヨ繘灏嗚烦铔嬫嫧鍒颁簡鏈�楂樻。锛屸�滃晩鈥斺�斾笉銆佷笉琛屸�︹�︿富浜衡�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪集涓嶄笅鑵帮紝鐚涘湴涓�涓�楂樺己搴﹂渿鍔�锛屽�忛湶婊嬬洿鎺ュ潗浜嗕笅鍘伙紝缁稿甫鎽╂摝闃磋拏锛岀寷鍦颁竴涓嬪瓙锛屽�忛湶婊嬪弻鑵跨粦鐩达紝娼�鍚逛簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎰熷彈鍒颁笅浣撶殑鍔ㄩ潤锛屽�忛湶婊嬭劯涓婁竴绾�锛屼笉濂芥剰鎬濈殑浣庣潃澶淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆交杞讳竴绗戯紝鈥滀綘鐪嬶紝杩欓噷婀夸簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆蛋鍚э紝鎴戝府浣犻珮娼�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪紑濮嬪線鍓嶈蛋锛岀敱浜庤剼涓婅剼闀ｇ殑闄愬埗锛屽ス鍙�鑳戒竴灏忔�ヤ竴灏忔�ョ殑璧帮紝璺宠泲娣卞叆浣撳唴锛岄檲鐑涙�滄帶鍒剁潃瀹冧互涓嶅悓鐨勯�戠巼杩愬姩锛屼笅闈㈢殑缁稿甫鍙堢（鐫�涓嬮儴锛屽挨鍏跺埌浜嗙怀缁撳�勶紝缁崇粨娌″叆闃村攪锛岃烦铔嬫姷鍦ㄤ簡瀛愬��鍙ｏ紝寮曞緱濂瑰張鏄�涓�闃甸珮娼�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃憙鍟娾�︹�︹�濈怀缁撳�勪竴鐩存槸鏈�闅剧殑锛岃繘鍘诲啀鎯冲嚭鏉ユ槸寰堥毦鐨勶紝闄堢儧鎬滀笉鐭ラ亾鎵嬮噷浠�涔堟椂鍊欐嬁浜嗕竴鏉＄煭闉�锛屽彧瑕佸�忛湶婊嬪仠鐣欐椂闂磋秴杩囦簲绉掞紝灏辨槸涓�闉�瀛愶紝浣嶇疆闅忔満銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆�佽�勭煩锛屼竴鍒嗛挓鍗侀灜銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩篃鏄庣櫧锛屽啀鑰借��涓嬪幓锛岃繖缃氬埌鏄庡勾涔熺綒涓嶅畬浜嗭紝鐗欎竴鍜�锛岀溂涓�闂�锛屽姞蹇�浜嗛�熷害锛岃繃浜嗙怀缁撱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆交涓�涓嬮噸涓�涓嬬殑璋冪潃鎸夋懇妫掞紝澶忛湶婊嬫瘡璧颁袱姝ュ氨浼氶珮娼�涓�娆★紝璧板埌涓�鍗婏紝澶忛湶婊嬭蛋涓嶄笅鍘讳簡锛屽ス鐪嬬潃闄堢儧鎬滐紝鐪肩潧绾㈢孩鐨勶紝绔熸槸寮曞緱闄堢儧鎬滃績涓嬮ⅳ浜嗕竴涓嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀富浜衡�︹�︽垜楗库�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄病蹇嶄綇绗戜簡鍑烘潵锛屾兂鎯充篃鏄�锛屼粠鏃╀笂鍒扮幇鍦�锛屽�忛湶婊嬮兘娌℃湁鍚冧粈涔堜笢瑗裤��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈偅鎬庝箞鍔炲憿锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滄晠浣滄�濊�冿紝鈥滀綘杩樻病缃氬畬鍛�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬湡鐨勪笉鎯冲啀琚�杩欎箞鎶樼（涓嬪幓浜嗭紝鈥滄偍鎵撴垜鍚э紝鎵撴垜澶氬皯涓嬮兘琛屻�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃摝锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂规槸鐪嬪嚭鏉ヤ簡锛岄檲鐑涙�滄槸瑕佸湪鏃堕棿涓婁负闅惧ス锛岃繖涔堜笅鍘伙紝濂归兘鎬曡嚜宸遍タ姝讳簡锛岃繕涓嶅�傜棝鐥涘揩蹇�鐨勬墦涓�椤匡紝璁╅檲鐑涙�滃嚭鍑烘皵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄姌璧烽灜瀛愰『鐫�澶忛湶婊嬭儗閮ㄥ線涓嬶紝鍐板噳鐨勮Е鎰熸縺鐨勫�忛湶婊嬮樀闃靛彂棰わ紝鈥滃�忛湶婊嬨�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅殑澹伴煶鍝嶈捣锛屽啺鍐峰紓甯革細鈥滀綘搴旇�ョ煡閬擄紝浠庝綘鏄ㄥぉ璁や富涔嬪悗锛屾墍鏈夌殑灏忓績鎬濋兘涓嶇�＄敤浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃暘锛佲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄壃鎵嬶紝涓�閬撶牬浜嗙毊鐨勮��鐥曠灛闂村嚭鐜板湪澶忛湶婊嬭儗閮�锛屽�忛湶婊嬬柤鐨勫喎姹楃洿鍐掞紝涓嬫剰璇嗘兂瑕佸集鑵帮紝鍙堝洜涓鸿��缁戠細鐫�锛屽集涓嶄笅鍘伙紝鍙�鑳藉繊鍙楃潃闄堢儧鎬滃甫缁欏ス鐨勭柤鐥涖��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘瑙夊緱浣犳湁璁ㄤ环杩樹环鐨勮祫鏍煎悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅殑澹伴煶钀︾粫鍦ㄥ�忛湶婊嬭�宠竟锛屽�忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶达紝鍐掔潃鍐锋睏锛岄暱鏃堕棿鍔崇疮鑰屾病鏈夎ˉ鍏呯殑韬�浣撴湁浜涢�忔敮锛屽ス鐨勭溂鍓嶅紑濮嬪彉寰楁ā绯娿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀竴鐩磋�傚療鐫�澶忛湶婊嬬殑鍙樺寲锛屽強鏃舵嬁鏉ヤ竴鏀�钀ュ吇娑诧紝娉ㄥ皠杩涘�忛湶婊嬩綋鍐呫��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖涓�浠诲姟瀹屾垚浜嗭紝璁╀綘鍚冮キ銆傗�濋檲鐑涙�滆�达紝鈥滀笉鎬曞氨杩欎箞姝诲湪杩欏効鐨勮瘽锛屼綘灏界�¤�楃潃銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闉�瀛愭姷鐫�澶忛湶婊嬩笅宸磋揩浣垮ス鎶�澶翠笌闄堢儧鎬滃�硅�嗭紝鈥滀綘鐭ラ亾鎬庝箞鍋氬�逛綘鏉ヨ�存槸鏈�濂界殑閫夋嫨锛屽�忛湶婊嬶紝鍒�璁╂垜澶辨湜銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬮棴涓婄溂鐫涳紝鐐圭偣澶达紝鈥滄垜鐭ラ亾浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪悜鏉ユ槸鑳藉繊鐨勶紝涔嬪悗濂瑰湪浣撳唴璺宠泲鍜岄檲鐑涙�滅殑鍙岄噸鎶樼（涓嬶紝鍥涗釜灏忔椂鍐呰蛋瀹屼簡涓変釜鏉ュ洖锛屽嵈娌℃湁鍐欏ゴ闅跺噯鍒欍��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄妸澶忛湶婊嬫斁浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝澶忛湶婊嬬殑鍚庤儗銆佸眮鑲′笂甯冩弧浜嗛灜鐥曪紝鑵夸竴杞�锛屽�忛湶婊嬬洿鎺ヨ藩鍊掑湪鍦般��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶达紝濂瑰疄鍦ㄦ病鏈夊姏姘斿啀鍘昏�翠簺浠�涔堝仛浜涗粈涔堜簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;榛戣壊楂樿窡闉嬭蛋杩涘�忛湶婊嬬殑瑙嗛噹锛岄檲鐑涙�滄竻鍐风殑绗戝０浠庡ご椤朵紶鏉ワ紝鈥滀綘鎬庝箞灏辨�绘槸涓嶈兘璁╂垜婊℃剰鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭藩鍦ㄥ湴涓婏紝娌℃湁浠讳綍璇�璋冪殑涓�鍙ヨ瘽鍗存槸浠ゅス蹇嶄笉浣忔墦浜嗕釜瀵掗ⅳ銆�<br />
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