chapter20

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩粠绂侀棴瀹ゅ嚭鏉ユ椂杩樻槸涓婂崍锛屼竴瑙夐啋鏉ュ凡缁忔槸鏅氫笂浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂规槒鏄忔矇娌夌殑锛屽弽鍙嶅�嶅�嶉啋鏉ュソ鍑犳�★紝涓�鐩存病鏈夌潯鐔熴��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀵归粦鏆楃殑鎭愭儳宸茬粡瀹屽畬鍏ㄥ叏鍗犳嵁浜嗗ス鐨勬暣涓�韬�蹇冿紝濂瑰紑鐫�澶滅伅锛岃糠杩风硦绯婄殑鐫′簡涓�鏅氾紝澶╁垰鍒氫寒锛屽�忛湶婊嬪氨閱掍簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎵嶄簲鐐瑰�氾紝澶忛湶婊嬩粠搴婁笂鐖�璧锋潵锛屼竴鐩存病鏈夎繘椋熺殑韬�浣撹櫄寮变笉鍫�锛岀珯璧锋潵鐨勭灛闂寸溂鍓嶄竴鐗囬粦鏆楋紝鎵嬫姄鐫�搴婃墠鍕夊己绔欏ソ銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀笉浼氳捣杩欎箞鏃╋紝澶忛湶婊嬫礂婕卞ソ鍚庡氨鍘讳簡椋熷爞锛屽洜涓轰笉鍚屽ゴ闅剁殑宸ヤ綔鏃堕棿涓嶅悓锛屽啀鍔犱笂涓�浜涘��浜虹殑闇�姹傦紝榄呭�滅殑椋熷爞浜屽崄鍥涘皬鏃跺紑鏀俱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;椋熷爞鏄�鐙�鏍嬬殑妤硷紝澶忛湶婊嬩笉鐭ラ亾鍏辨湁澶氬皯灞傦紝鍙嶆�ｅス鍙�鑳藉湪涓�妤煎憜鐫�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬮殢渚挎嬁浜嗕竴纰楃播鎸戜簡涓�浣嶅瓙鍧愪笅锛屽凡缁忓緢澶氬ぉ娌℃湁瑙佸埌闄堢儧鎬滀簡锛岀幇鍦ㄤ换浣曚簨銆佷换浣曚汉閮戒笉鑳借�╁ス瀹夊績锛岃嫢闈炶韩浣撳お杩囪櫄寮憋紝闇叉粙杩炶繖涓�纰楃播閮戒笉鎰挎剰鍠濓紝鍙�鎯冲敖蹇�瑙佸埌闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;寰堝揩锛屽�忛湶婊嬬�诲紑椁愬巺锛屽埌浜嗛檲鐑涙�滈棬鍓嶃��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;椹�涓婂氨鍏�鐐逛簡锛岄棬杩橀攣鐫�锛屽緢鏄庢樉锛岄檲鐑涙�滆繕娌￠啋锛屽�忛湶婊嬫寜鐓у線鏃ョ殑瑙勭煩锛岃劚浜嗚。鏈嶈藩鍦ㄩ棬鍙ｃ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀粖鏃ラ啋鐨勬牸澶栨棭锛屽叚鐐瑰垰杩囦竴鍒伙紝闂ㄥ氨寮�浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀富浜衡�︹�︹�濆�忛湶婊嬫湰鏄�鍋氬ソ浜嗚�佺瓑寰堜箙鐨勫噯澶囷紝闂ㄥ紑鐨勪竴鐬�闂存槑鏄捐��鍚撲簡涓�璺炽��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅灔浜嗗ス涓�鐪硷紝娌℃湁璇磋瘽锛屽緞鐩寸�诲紑浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩笉鏄庢墍浠ワ紝璺�鍦ㄩ偅閲屽姩涔熶笉鏄�锛屼笉鍔ㄤ篃涓嶆槸銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓嶇煡閬撹繃浜嗗�氫箙锛岄檲鐑涙�滃洖鏉ヤ簡锛屼緷鏃у�傜�诲紑鏃堕偅鏍凤紝涓�鍙ヨ瘽涓嶈�达紝杩涗簡鎴块棿灏卞叧涓婁簡闂�锛岀嫭鐣欎笅鐙�鑷�璺�鍦ㄥ�栭潰鐨勫�忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬灛闂存厡浜嗚捣鏉ワ紝杩欐槸浠�涔堟剰鎬濓紵涓讳汉鏄�涓嶆槸涓嶈�佸ス浜嗭紵<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂瑰洖鎯崇潃浠婃棩鏄�鍚﹀仛閿欎簡浠�涔堬紝鍙�鏄�濂逛滑鏄庢槑鍒氬垰瑙侀潰锛屽�虫�曘�佸�斿眻銆佹儕鎭愨�︹�﹀悇绉嶅悇鏍风殑鎯呯华鍦ㄤ竴鐬�闂存秾涓婂績澶达紝榧诲ご涓�閰革紝涓�婊存唱灏辫�佽惤涓嬶紝琚�澶忛湶婊嬬敓鐢熷繊浣忎簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;姝ゆ椂鐨勫ス杩樻病鏈夊彂鐜帮紝鑷�宸卞凡缁忓畬瀹屽叏鍏ㄧ殑琚�闄堢儧鎬滅壍鐫�璧颁簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀技涔庢槸鏁呮剰鏅剧潃澶忛湶婊嬶紝濂硅繘鍘讳箣鍚庝究鍐嶄篃娌℃湁鍑烘潵杩囷紝澶忛湶婊嬭繖涓�璺�渚胯藩浜嗕笁涓�灏忔椂锛岃啙鐩栧凡缁忓彉寰楅夯鏈ㄦ病鏈夌煡瑙変簡锛岄檲鐑涙�滄墠寮�浜嗛棬銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浣撳姏涓嶆敮鐨勫�忛湶婊嬭藩鐨勬檭鏅冩偁鎮狅紝寮烘拺鐫�鐨勭簿绁炲凡缁忓埌浜嗗穿婧冪殑杈圭晫锛岀獊鐒舵墦寮�鐨勯棬鐬�闂村敜閱掍簡澶忛湶婊嬶紝澶忛湶婊嬭藩鐨勭瑪鐩达紝鎶�澶磋檾璇氱殑鐪嬬潃闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀富浜猴紝鏃╁畨銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃苟娌℃湁澶�鍦ㄦ剰澶忛湶婊嬬殑璇峰畨锛屽彧鏄�鍐峰喎鐨勭湅鐫�濂癸細鈥滀簩鍖轰笁鍙枫�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍥涗釜瀛楋紝璇村畬涔嬪悗闄堢儧鎬滃啀娆″叧涓婁簡闂�锛屾妸澶忛湶婊嬫尅鍦ㄤ簡澶栭潰銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪績涓嬩竴鍑夛紝寰堟槑鏄撅紝闄堢儧鎬滆繕娌℃湁娑堟皵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浜屽尯涓夊彿锛屼綅浜庡湴涓嬩簩灞傦紝鍦颁笅鍖轰竴鐩存槸涓�娣蜂贡鐨勫湴鏂癸紝涓�灞傚�氫綇鐫�娣蜂贡涓嶅牚銆佽��鎶涘純鎴栬�呯姱閿欒��缃氱殑濂撮毝锛屽湪閭ｉ噷锛屾瘡涓�濂撮毝涓嶅厑璁哥�诲紑鎴块棿锛屽彧瑕佹湁浜鸿繘鍘伙紝浠栦滑灏辫�佹弧瓒抽偅涓�浜虹殑鎵�鏈夎�佹眰锛屼笉璁轰粈涔堟椂鍊欍��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍦颁笅浜屽眰涓�鐩村皝閿佺潃锛屽�忛湶婊嬩竴鐩存病鏈夋満浼氳繘鍘荤湅杩囷紝鑰岀��涓夊眰灏辨槸鍒戠綒鍖猴紝涔嬪墠瑙佸埌甯稿挍鏃讹紝灏辨槸鍦ㄥ湴涓嬩笁灞傘��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩綆鍨傜潃澶达紝绠�鍗曠殑濂椾笂琛ｆ湇锛屼笅浜嗘ゼ锛屽�囨��鐨勬槸锛屽钩鏃ラ噷涓ユ牸鎶婂畧鐨勪簩鍖轰粖鏃ョ珶娌℃湁涓�涓�瀹堝崼锛屾暣涓�鍦颁笅浜屽眰鎵句笉鍒颁竴涓�浜猴紝鎵�鏈夌殑闂ㄩ兘閿佺潃锛屽彧鏈変笁鍙锋埧锛屽氨鏄�澶忛湶婊嬩粖澶╄�佸幓鐨勫湴鏂广��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪彧绔欏湪闂ㄥ彛锛屾繁鍛煎惛锛屼几鎵嬫暡浜嗕袱涓嬶紝闂ㄥ唴浼间箮鏈変簺浠�涔堝０闊筹紝鍗存病鏈変汉鏉ュ紑闂�锛屽�忛湶婊嬪．浜嗗．鑳嗭紝鎺ㄥ紑浜嗛棬銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闂ㄥ唴鐨勬櫙璞′护澶忛湶婊嬪綋鍦烘劊鍦ㄥ師鍦般��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;灞嬪瓙寰堝ぇ锛屽湴涓娿�佸�欎笂銆佹�屽瓙涓婃憜鏀剧潃璁歌�稿�氬�氱殑鍒戝叿锛屼笌澶忛湶婊嬪厛鍓嶆墍鐪嬪埌鐨勭殑瀹屽叏涓嶅悓锛岃繖浜涚湅璧锋潵鏇村帀瀹炽��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;灞嬪瓙閲屾湁涓�涓�琚�缁戝湪鍒戞灦涓婄殑濂充汉锛岃丹韬�瑁镐綋锛岄暱鍙戦『鐫�澶村瀭涓嬬殑鏂瑰悜鍨備簡涓嬫潵锛岀溂鐫涜��榛戝竷钂欑潃锛屽ス鐨勮韩涓婃弧鏄�浼ょ棔锛屽緢鏄庢樉鐨勫垰鍒氱粡鍘嗚繃閰峰垜銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏄�璋侊紵濂冲帆鍚楋紵澶忛湶婊嬫兂璧锋潵娓呮棭闄堢儧鎬滃嚭鍘昏繃銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃ソ鐪嬪悧锛熲�濇竻鍐风殑澹伴煶绐佺劧鍝嶈捣锛屽�忛湶婊嬩笅鎰忚瘑杞�韬�锛岀湅瑙侀檲鐑涙�滅殑鐬�闂磋��鍚撳緱鍚庨��涓�姝ワ紝鍙岃吙鍙戣蒋锛岀洿鎺ヨ藩鍦ㄤ簡鍦颁笂銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄病鏈夌悊濂癸紝瓒婅繃濂圭洿鎺ュ潗鍦ㄤ簡灞嬪唴鍞�涓�鐨勪竴涓�鍗曚汉娌欏彂涓娿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繃鏉ワ紝鍒�鎸￠亾銆傗�濋檲鐑涙�滃懡浠ら亾銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭繖鎵嶅彂鐜拌繘鏉ョ殑涓嶆�㈤檲鐑涙�滀竴浜猴紝绔嬮┈杞�韬�鐖�鍒伴檲鐑涙�滆窡鍓嶃��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�绛変汉绱ц窡鍏跺悗锛屽嚑涓�瀹堝崼鎵涚潃涓�涓�鎴村ご濂楃殑浜烘墧鍒板湴涓婏紝渚块��鍒颁竴杈癸紝澶忛湶婊嬫姮澶寸湅浜嗕竴鐪硷紝鍙戠幇灞嬪瓙閲岄櫎浜嗙畝鍏�锛岃繕绔欑潃涓�涓�闄岀敓濂充汉銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�鎶婃墜閲岀殑琚嬪瓙鏀惧埌闄堢儧鎬滆剼杈癸紝渚块��浜嗗洖鍘伙紝鍜屽�︾惉绔欏湪涓�璧枫��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄崬璧疯�嬪瓙鏀惧湪娌欏彂涓婏紝涓�瑷�涓嶅彂鎷垮嚭琚嬪瓙閲岀殑铚＄儧锛岀偣鐕冿紝鐪嬬潃澶忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬灛闂存槑鐧戒簡锛屽ス璺�鐩磋韩瀛愶紝鑳宠唺浼稿钩锛岃�╄湣鐑涘畨绋崇殑鏀惧湪鑳宠唺涓婏紝鍙︿竴鍙�铚＄儧涔熸斁濂藉悗锛岃�嬪瓙灏辫��闄堢儧鎬滄墧鍥炲湴涓婏紝涓嶅啀鐪嬪�忛湶婊嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏁翠釜杩囩▼锛岄檲鐑涙�滄病鏈夎�翠竴鍙ヨ瘽锛岃繖涓�鏍峰瓙鐨勯檲鐑涙�滃�忛湶婊嬬湡鐨勬�曟瀬浜嗭紝濂瑰畞鎰块檲鐑涙�滄墦濂癸紝涔熶笉鎰挎剰闄堢儧鎬滀笉鍐嶇悊濂广��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍙�鏄�濂逛笉鑳借�磋瘽锛屼篃涓嶈兘鍔�锛岃繖涓�鏃跺�欒湣鐑涙帀浜嗘棤寮備簬闆�涓婂姞闇溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅ず鎰忕畝鍏�涓や汉寮�濮嬪姩浣滐紝鐩村埌绠�鍏�鎾や笅鏋朵笂濂充汉鐪肩潧涓婄殑钂欑潃鐨勯粦甯冿紝澶忛湶婊嬫墠鎰忚瘑鍒伴偅浜烘槸鏅忓獨銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫湁涓�鐬�闂寸殑鎭嶆儦锛屼豢鑻ヤ袱浜轰笂娆¤�侀潰宸叉槸涓婁釜涓栫邯銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀹︾惉璁╁畧鍗�缁欏湴涓婄殑浜烘埓涓婅剼闀ｏ紝鍙栦笅澶村�椼��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃ソ涔呬笉瑙侊紝鎱曢挵鍑濄�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滄叺鎳掔殑闈犵潃娌欏彂锛屽ソ鏁翠互鏆囩殑鐪嬬潃涓�闂寸殑濂充汉銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂充汉灏氭湭璇磋瘽锛屾檹濯氬厛鏈変簡鍔ㄩ潤锛屸�滀富浜猴紒鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅鍚戞檹濯氾紝鎸戠湁銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄斁浜嗗ス锛屾眰鎮ㄤ簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃嚟浠�涔堬紵鈥濋檲鐑涙�滆捣韬�锛岄『鎵嬫嬁浜嗕竴涓�鍖曢�栬共鍦ㄦ厱閽板嚌璺熷墠锛屽垁灏栨寫鐫�涓嬪反锛岃揩浣垮ス鎶�澶淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃懙锛屸�濇厱閽板嚌鍐风瑧锛屸�滀綘涔熷氨杩欑偣鏈�浜嬶紝鏈夋湰浜嬫潃浜嗘垜銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅溂鐪稿井鍨傦紝鎵嬭厱缈昏浆鍒�灏栦笅婊戯紝绔熼『鐫�鎱曢挵鍑濊剸棰堝垝鍑轰竴鏉¤��绾挎潵锛屾厱閽板嚌琚�瀹堝崼鎶撶潃璺�鍦ㄥ湴涓婏紝鍔ㄥ脊涓嶅緱锛屽彧鑳界湅鐫�闄堢儧鎬滅殑鎵嬫參鎱㈠線涓嬶紝绔熸槸涓�鍒�鎵庤繘浜嗛槾闃滐紒<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃晩锛佸搻锛佲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭��鍚撳埌浜嗭紝涓や釜铚＄儧鍏ㄩ儴鎺夊湪鍦颁笂锛岄檲鐑涙�滄病鏈夌悊濂癸紝缁х画鐪嬬潃鎱曢挵鍑濄��<br />
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