涔￠噹灏忓尰绁� 浣滆��:鏋椾箣鐏�<br />
绗�1899绔� 璧ら瓟琛�榄斾竴鍚屽墠寰�<br />
鍒樺繝鎬�钁楁劅婵�涓旀縺鍔ㄧ殑蹇冪寮�鍚庯紝鍒樺钩瀹変究鍏抽棴榄斿锛岃涓嬬鍒躲��<br />
浠栭毃鍚庡氨杩涘叆浜嗛粦鎴掍腑銆�<br />
鎰熺煡鍒板垬骞冲畨鍑虹幇锛屼慨鐐间腑鐨勭帇瀚ｇ劧绔嬪埢鐫佸紑鐪硷紝绔欒捣韬揩姝ヨ蛋浜嗚繃鏉ャ��<br />
鈥滃钩瀹夛紝鐜板湪澶栭潰鐨勬儏鍐垫�庝箞鏍蜂簡锛熲��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夌鑹插钩闈欑殑鍥為亾锛氣�滃垾鎷呭績锛岀幇鍦ㄥ闈㈢殑鎯呭喌杩樼畻骞崇ǔ锛屼笉杩囨垜鏈変釜浜嬫儏瑕佸拰浣犺銆傗��<br />
鈥滀綘璇淬�傗�濈帇瀚ｇ劧鐐瑰ご銆�<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夐】浜嗕竴涓嬶紝杩欐墠璇撮亾锛氣�滄槑鏃ユ垜灏辫鐜囬榄旂鏁欑殑淇″緬鍐涢槦鍓嶅線寰�鐢熷煄浜嗐�傗��<br />
闂昏█锛岀帇瀚ｇ劧鍏堟槸鎰ｄ綇锛屾棆鍗抽渿鎯婁笉宸茬殑鎯婂懠锛屸�滀粈涔堬紵锛佷綘涓轰綍瑕佽繖涔堝仛锛佲��<br />
瀵规柤杩欎欢浜嬶紝鐜嬪鐒惰偗瀹氫笉鏁㈢浉淇°��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夊濂圭殑鍙嶅簲涔熸棭鏈夐鏂欙紝鍥犳浠栨墠浼氱涓�鏃堕棿瑕佸拰瀵规柟璇存槑鎯呭喌銆�<br />
鈥滀綘鍏堝垾婵�鍔紝杩欎欢浜嬫槸鍏冩棤鏋佷粬浠寚瀹氳鎴戝幓鍋氱殑锛岃�屼笖濡傛灉鎴戜笉鍘荤殑璇濓紝涔熶細鏈夊彟澶栫殑浜哄幓銆傗��<br />
鈥滅幇鍦ㄤ笉鑰佸北鐨勫娍鍔涳紝涔熷氨鍙墿涓嬪線鐢熷煄閭ｈ竟鍙互鎶垫姉涓�闃碉紝鎵�浠ラ瓟绁炴暀涓嶅厑璁告湁杩欐牱鐨勪簨鎯呭彂鐢熴�傗��<br />
鈥滀笌鍏惰繖鏍凤紝鍊掍笉濡傛垜鍘伙紝鎴戣繕鑳芥兂鍔炴硶浠庝腑闂寸紦鍜屼竴涓嬪眬闈€�傗��<br />
鍚埌鍒樺钩瀹夌殑瑙ｉ噴锛岀帇瀚ｇ劧鐨勮〃鎯呰櫧鐒舵湁浜涗笉濂界湅锛屼絾璧风爜涔熸槑鐧戒簡瀵规柟鐨勬剰鎬濄��<br />
濂规敟绱ф嫵澶达紝鎬掑０閬擄細鈥滆姝荤殑榄旂鏁欙紒鐪熸槸娆轰汉澶敋锛佺幇鍦ㄦ暣涓笉鑰佸北閮芥槸浠栦滑鐨勪簡锛屼负浠�涔堣繕瑕侀拡瀵瑰線鐢熷煄锛佲��<br />
鈥滄垜鐪熸仺鑷繁鐨勫疄鍔涗笉澶燂紝鍚﹀垯鐨勮瘽锛屾垜涓�瀹氳灞犲厜榄旂鏁欐墍鏈夋贩铔嬶紒鈥�<br />
寮勬竻妤氫簡鐘跺喌锛岀帇瀚ｇ劧涓︽病鏈夋�姜鍒樺钩瀹夛紝鍥犱负濂逛篃鏄庣櫧杩欎欢浜嬪垬骞冲畨涓嶅幓鍋氱殑璇濓紝瀵规柟鑷韩涔熶細闄峰叆楹荤儲鐨勫澧冧腑锛岀洰鍓嶆潵鐪嬶紝鍒樺钩瀹夌殑鍐冲畾涔熷凡缁忔槸鏈�濂界殑鍔炴硶浜嗐��<br />
鐜嬪鐒舵姮澶寸湅钁楀垬骞冲畨锛岃闂亾锛氣�滅瓑鍒颁簡閭ｈ竟锛屼綘鍙堣濡備綍闈㈠浠栦滑锛熲��<br />
姣曠珶寰�鐢熷煄閭ｉ噷鐨勪汉锛屽熀鏈笂閮芥槸鍒樺钩瀹夌殑鍏勫紵鏈嬪弸銆�<br />
瑕佹槸鍙屾柟浠ヨ繖绉嶈韩浠藉宄欑殑璇濓紝鍙兂鑰岀煡鍒版椂鍊欎細鏄�庢牱鐨勫眬闈€��<br />
杩欎釜闂鍒樺钩瀹変笉鏄病鏈夋兂杩囥��<br />
璇村疄璇濓紝灏辩畻鑷繁鐜板湪宸茬粡鑰冭檻浜嗗緢澶氶棶棰橈紝浣嗙瓑鍒扮湡瑙侀潰鐨勬椂鍊欙紝鑲畾杩樻槸浼氬叾瀹冪殑鎯呭喌锛屽洜姝ゅ垬骞冲畨瑙夊緱鐜板湪杩欎釜鏃跺�欑储鎬у垾鎯抽偅涔堝銆�<br />
鏂兼槸浠栧洖閬擄細鈥滃埌鏃跺�欏啀璇村惂锛岀幇鍦ㄦ兂閭ｄ簺涓烘椂杩囨棭銆傗��<br />
鐜嬪鐒跺摢閲岃繕鐪嬩笉鍑烘潵鍒樺钩瀹夌幇鍦ㄦ槸娌℃湁浠�涔堝ご缁��<br />
濂圭偣浜嗙偣澶达紝鍢嗘皵璇撮亾锛氣�滆鍚э紝濡傛灉鍙互鐨勮瘽锛屾垜杩樻槸瑙夊緱鍒伴偅鏃跺�欙紝浣犲ソ濂藉悜浠栦滑瑙ｉ噴涓�涓嬶紝浠栦滑鑲畾浼氱悊瑙ｄ綘鐨勯毦澶勩�傗��<br />
鑱婂畬杩欎欢浜嬶紝鍒樺钩瀹夊張妫�鏌ヤ簡涓�涓嬫鐟涘効鐨勪激鍔裤��<br />
鍚庤�呯幇鍦ㄤ緷鏃ц繕澶勬柤鏄忚糠涓殑闃舵銆�<br />
涓嶈繃浼ゅ娍鎭㈠京鐨勫緢椤哄埄锛屽垬骞冲畨涓嶇敱寰楁媴蹇冿紝姝︾憶鍎挎槸涓嶆槸浼ゅ埌浜嗚剳琚嬶紝鍦ㄤ粬鐨勬鏌ヤ笅锛屾鐟涘効鐨勮剳閮ㄤ甫娌℃湁鍙楀埌鎹熶激銆� 鈥滃凡缁忔槒杩蜂簡杩欎箞涔咃紝涔熷樊涓嶅璇ラ啋鏉ヤ簡鎵嶅鈥︹�︹�濆垬骞冲畨涓嶇鐨辩湁鍢�鍜曘��<br />
鐜嬪鐒惰閬擄細鈥滀細涓嶄細鏄洜涓哄ス鑴戣涔熷彈浼や簡锛屼絾鏄垜浠病鏈夊彂鐜帮紵鈥�<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夋憞澶达紝鈥滀笉浼氱殑锛屾垜宸茬粡妫�鏌ヨ繃浜嗭紝濂圭殑鑴戦儴姝ｅ父锛屾病鏈夋崯浼わ紝鎴栬鏄ス鐜板湪杩樺緢铏氬急鐨勫師鍥狅紝鍐嶇瓑绛夊惂锛屽叴璁稿緢蹇氨閱掓潵浜嗐�傗��<br />
鍏虫柤鍖绘湳鏂归潰鐨勯棶棰橈紝鐜嬪鐒惰偗瀹氭槸涓嶅鍒樺钩瀹夌殑銆�<br />
瀵规柟鏃㈢劧杩欎箞璇翠簡锛岄偅濂硅嚜鐒朵笉浼氭湁鍙嶅鐨勬剰瑙併��<br />
鈥︹��<br />
杞溂闂村氨鍒颁簡绗簩澶┿��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夋寜鐓т簨鍏堝拰鍏冩棤鏋佺害瀹氬ソ鐨勬椂闂存潵鍒颁簡瀵规柟鐨勯瓟濉斻��<br />
鍙槸浠や粬娌℃湁鎯冲埌鐨勬槸锛岄櫎浜嗗厓鏃犳瀬涔嬪锛岃丹榄斿拰琛�榄旂珶鐒堕兘鍦ㄣ��<br />
瑙佸埌杩欎袱涓汉锛屽垬骞冲畨蹇冧腑灏辨剰璇嗗埌浜嗕笉瀵瑰姴銆�<br />
鈥滃钩瀹夛紝浣犳潵浜嗐�傗�濆厓鏃犳瀬鑴镐笂甯﹁憲涓洪毦鐨勭瑧瀹癸紝鍜屽垬骞冲畨鎵撲簡澹版嫑鍛笺��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夌偣浜嗙偣澶达紝鏉ュ埌鍏冩棤鏋佺殑闈㈠墠銆�<br />
鍏冩棤鏋佽〞绗戜竴澹帮紝璇撮亾锛氣�滆鍒掍复鏃舵湁鍙橈紝鏈変釜浜嬫儏鎴戣鍏堝拰浣犺涓�涓嬨�傗��<br />
鈥滀綘璇淬�傗�濆垬骞冲畨鐭ラ亾鍏冩棤鏋佽璇寸殑浜嬫儏鑲畾鍜岃丹榄斾笌琛�榄旀湁鍏炽��<br />
鏋滅劧锛屽氨鍚厓鏃犳瀬璇皵鏈変簺灏峰艾鐨勮閬擄細<br />
鈥滄槸杩欐牱鐨勶紝鏁欏収鍐冲畾锛岃繖娆″墠寰�寰�鐢熷煄锛岄櫎浜嗕綘涔嬪锛岃丹榄斿拰琛�榄斾篃涓�浣甸櫔鍚岋紝涓嶈繃浣犳斁蹇冿紝鎸囨尌鏉冭繕鏄湪浣犳墜涓婏紝璇濅綘璇寸殑绠楋紝浠栦滑涓や釜鍙槸杈呬綈浣犮�傗��<br />
鍚埌杩欒瘽锛屽垬骞冲畨鍝兘涓嶆槑鐧藉厓鏃犳瀬鐨勬剰鎬濄��<br />
璇寸櫧浜嗭紝鏁欏収杩樻槸涓嶆斁蹇冭浠栧甫闃燂紝鎵�浠ュ氨涓存椂澧炴淳璧ら瓟鍜岃榄旈櫔鍚屻��<br />
璇存槸杈呬綈锛屼粬瑙夊緱鏇村儚鏄洃瑙嗐��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹変甫娌℃湁鎬ヨ憲鍚屾剰锛岃�屾槸鍙嶉棶閬擄細鈥滆繖鍐冲畾鏄綘鎻愬嚭鏉ョ殑锛熲��<br />
鍏冩棤鏋佺珛椹憞澶达紝鈥滄�庝箞鍙兘锛佹垜鏄庣煡閬撲綘鍜岄偅涓や釜鍌紮涓嶅悎锛屾�庝箞鑳芥彁鍑鸿繖鏍风殑鍐冲畾锛岄毦閬撲綘杩樹笉鐩镐俊鎴戝悧锛熲��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夌湅浜嗙湅鍏冩棤鏋侊紝瀵规柟瀹屽叏涓嶅儚鏄湪璇磋皫绯婂紕銆�<br />
浠栬繖鎵嶅洖閬擄細鈥滈兘宸茬粡鍐冲畾鐨勪簨鎯咃紝鎴戝氨绠椾笉鍚屾剰涔熸敼鍙樹笉浜嗕粈涔堬紝涓嶈繃浣犳�庝箞灏辫兘纰轰繚璧ら瓟鍜岃榄斿氨涓�瀹氫細鍚垜鐨勶紝瑕佹槸浠栦滑涓嶉厤鍚堟垜鐨勮瘽锛屽弽鑰屼細缁欐垜甯︽潵寰堝鐨勯夯鐑︺�傗��<br />
鍏冩棤鏋佽閬擄細鈥滄槸鍟婏紝杩欎釜闂鎴戜篃鑰冭檻杩囦簡锛屼絾鏄垜涔熸病浠�涔堝ソ鐨勫姙娉曗�︹�︹��<br />
璇村埌杩欙紝鍏冩棤鏋佸儚鏄張绐佺劧鎯冲埌浜嗕粈涔堬紝浠栫溂绁炰竴浜紝鏃嬪嵆鎵嬩竴缈伙紝灏辫浠栫殑鎵嬩笂鍑虹幇浜嗕竴涓粦鑹茬殑閾佽川浠ょ墝銆�<br />
浠栦氦缁欏垬骞冲畨锛屼甫璇撮亾锛氣�滀綘鎶婅繖涓嬁涓婏紝杩欎笢瑗挎槸鍜变滑榄旂鏁欑殑鏁欎护锛屾湁浜嗗畠锛岄櫎榄斿皧涔嬪锛屾墍鏈変汉閮藉繀椤绘棤鏉′欢鐨勫惉浠ゃ�傗��<br />
鈥滆繖涓滆タ灏卞彧鏈変笁涓紝鍒嗗垾鐢辨垜浠笁涓瓟灏婁汉鎵嬩竴涓紝鎴戞妸鎴戠殑浜ょ粰浣狅紝鍙鏈変簡瀹冿紝涓嶇鏄丹榄旇繕鏄榄旓紝閮藉繀椤诲惉浠わ紝鍚﹀垯鐨勮瘽锛屼粬浠氨瑕佸彈鍒版暀瑙勬儵鎴掞紝浠栦滑涓や釜涓嶆暍涓嶅惉璇濄�傗��<br />
鍒樺钩瀹夌湅钁楁墜涓婄殑浠ょ墝锛屼粬鍊掓槸娌℃兂鍒拌繕鏈夎繖涓滆タ銆�<br />
鍚厓鏃犳瀬鐨勬剰鎬濓紝杩欎护鐗岀殑浣滅敤鍙ぇ浜嗗幓銆�<br />
铏界劧浠栦笉纰哄畾绛夌寮�杩欓噷锛岃丹榄斿拰琛�榄斿埌搴曚細涓嶄細鍥犱负杩欎釜浠ょ墝鑰屽惉璇濓紝浣嗚捣鐮佸甫鍦ㄨ韩涓婇闃茶憲銆� 鍥犳浠栧氨涓嶅姘旂殑鏀朵笅浜嗐��<br />
浠栨拠浜嗕笅鍢达紝璇撮亾锛氣�滆繖涓滆タ鐪熸湁閭ｄ箞鍘夊鐨勮瘽锛屽笇鏈涜繕鐪熺殑鑳芥淳涓婄偣鐢ㄥ満銆傗��<br />
鍏冩棤鏋佸惉浜嗭紝鍝瑧涓嶅緱鐨勫洖閬擄細鈥滄斁蹇冨惂锛屼粬浠袱涓粷瀵逛笉鏁㈠郡閫嗐�傗��