chapter7

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪績涓嬩竴婊烇紝鈥滀綘杩欒瘽浠�涔堟剰鎬濓紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃瓧闈㈡剰鎬濄�傗�濇檹濯氳�达紝鈥滀笁骞村墠锛屽コ宸�绗�涓�娆℃潵鍒伴瓍澶滐紝璧峰垵涔熷彧鏄�浠ュ��浜虹殑韬�浠戒綇鍦ㄩ瓍澶滐紝鍚庢潵绐佺劧鏈変竴澶╂兂鐜╋紝灏辨壘鑰佹澘瑕佷簡涓�棣栧腑璋冩暀甯堢殑韬�浠斤紝杩欎箞澶氬勾锛屽コ宸�鐜╂�昏繃鐨勫ゴ澶氱殑鏁颁笉娓咃紝杩欏�瑰叾浠栬皟鏁欏笀鏉ヨ�存槸澶у繉锛屽彲濂逛笉涓�鏍凤紝娌℃湁浜烘暍鍔ㄥス锛岃繛鑰佹澘涔熶笉鑳姐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃ス鈥︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄病鏈変汉鐭ラ亾濂规槸浠�涔堣韩浠斤紝鍞�涓�鐭ラ亾鐨勫氨鏄�濂逛笉鏄疉鍩庝汉锛岃繕鏈夛紝濂瑰�撻檲銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏅忓獨鐪嬬潃澶忛湶婊嬩笉璇磋瘽锛岀户鑰屽張閬擄細鈥滀綘鎯宠�佹椿鍛斤紝灏卞埆璇翠粈涔堝仛涓嶅埌鐨勮瘽锛屽コ宸�涓嶇己浣犺繖涓�涓�濂淬�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜鐭ラ亾浜嗭紝鎴戝彲浠ュ仛鍒般�傗�濆�忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶达紝鑻︾瑧锛岄兘瀵勪汉绡变笅浜嗚繕鏈変粈涔堝仛涓嶅埌鐨勩��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆�屼簡锛屾垜鏁欎綘璇峰畨鐨勮�勭煩锛屽コ宸�浣滄伅涓嶆槸寰堣�勫緥锛屼竴鑸�鍦ㄤ竷鐐瑰乏鍙宠捣搴婏紝浣犲彧闇�瑕佸湪鍏�鐐瑰�氱瓑鍦ㄩ棬鍙ｅ氨琛岋紝濂冲帆濡傛灉璧疯繜浜嗚繕濂斤紝鑻ユ槸璧锋棭浜嗏�︹�﹂偅浣犲氨鑷�璁ゅ�掗湁鍚э紝鍙嶆�ｅス璧锋棭浜嗗績鎯呬篃鏄�涓嶅ソ鐨勶紝浣犱竴澶╀篃涓嶄細濂借繃銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥溾�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅劧鍚庤�峰畨鐨勬椂鍊欌�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏅忓獨璧跺湪涓夊皬鏃剁粨鏉熷墠鎶婂ス鑳芥兂璧锋潵鐨勮�勭煩閮界粰澶忛湶婊嬭�蹭簡涓�閬嶏紝鍓╀笅鐨勫氨鐪嬪�忛湶婊嬬殑杩愭皵浜嗭紝姣曠珶娌℃湁瀹炶返杩囷紝鑳藉仛鎴愪粈涔堟牱涔熶笉鐭ラ亾銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭蛋鍒板コ宸�闂ㄥ墠锛屾姮澶寸湅浜嗕竴鐪兼ゼ閬撻噷鐨勭洃鎺э紝娣卞惛涓�鍙ｆ皵锛岃劚浜嗚。鏈嶆斁鍦ㄦ梺杈癸紝杞昏交鏁蹭簡涓変笅闂�锛屽悗閫�鍗婃�ヨ藩鍦ㄥ崐绫宠繙鐨勫湴鏂广��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鍒版暡闂ㄥ０锛岄檲鐑涙�滀笅鎰忚瘑鎸戠湁銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄湁浜猴紵鈥濆瓱鐟鹃棶銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄憞澶达紝鈥滄病浜嬶紝浣犳帴鐫�璇淬�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢鐢ㄩ檲鐑涙�滅殑鐢佃剳鎻掍笂浼樼洏锛屾妸鐢佃剳杞�杩囧幓瀵圭潃濂癸紝鈥滆繖鏄�閭ｅぉ灞嬪�栫殑鐩戞帶锛岃嚦浜庡眿鍐呮�庝箞鏍蜂笉鐭ラ亾锛屼笉杩囨淳鍘昏皟鏌ョ殑浜鸿瘉瀹炰簡甯哥互鐨勮�存硶锛屾瘯绔熻繘浜嗗尰闄㈢殑鏄�甯哥互锛岃�屽父鍜涢櫎浜嗕竴浜涙瘮杈冨父瑙勭殑浼や互澶栵紝涔熸病鏈変粈涔堜簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闅忕潃瑙嗛�戞挱鏀剧殑缁撴潫锛岄檲鐑涙�滅殑鐪稿瓙宸茬粡鍐蜂簡涓嬫潵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃父缁ョ殑鎰忔�濇槸锛屽厛閫佸洖鏉ワ紝璁╀綘绠＄�°�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄寫鐪夛紝鈥滄垜绠★紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢鐐瑰ご锛岀户缁�閬擄紝鈥滄垜宸茬粡璁╀汉鍘诲甫甯稿挍鍥炴潵浜嗭紝浣犵湅鏄�浜ょ粰鍒戝爞杩樻槸浣犺嚜宸卞�勭悊锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃悎涓婄數鑴戯紝鎶�澶达紝鈥滄垜鑷�宸卞�勭悊銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀛熺懢鐐瑰ご锛屸�滃ソ锛岀湅鏃堕棿宸�涓嶅�氫簡锛屾垜涔熷厛璧颁簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闂ㄦ墦寮�浜嗭紝鍙�鎯滃紑闂ㄧ殑涓嶆槸濂冲帆锛岃�屾槸涔嬪墠绗�涓�澶╄�佽繃鐨勫瓱鐟俱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶翠笉鏁�涔卞姩锛屼綑鍏夋壂鍒板瓱鐟剧殑韬�褰卞嵈杩樻槸蹇冮噷涓�绱с��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃潗鍦ㄦ矙鍙戜笂锛岀湅鐫�闂ㄥ彛璺�鐫�鐨勫�忛湶婊嬶紝鎶�鎵嬫崗浜嗘崗鐪夊績锛屾病涓�涓�鐪佸績鍎跨殑銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃眻璧锋墜鎸囨暡鏁叉�岄潰锛屸�滆繘鏉ャ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;娓呭喎鐨勫棑闊冲搷璧凤紝涓嶅�瑰�忛湶婊嬪弽鎶楋紝澶忛湶婊嬩緷瑷�鐖�杩涗簡鎴块棿锛岃藩鍦ㄤ簡闄堢儧鎬滆窡鍓嶃��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;璇风綒杩囩▼涓�涓嶅緱璧疯韩锛屽�忛湶婊嬬墷鐗㈣�板緱銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃喎绗戜竴澹帮紝鈥滅幇鍦ㄨ�佸疄浜嗭紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄槸銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃皬濮愶紝鈥濈畝鍏�鏁查棬璧拌繘鏉ワ紝鈥滀汉甯﹀洖鏉ヤ簡锛屾斁鍝�鍎匡紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃垜鍫傚惂锛岃窡浠栦滑鍊熶竴涓�鎴块棿銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄槸銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�绂诲紑鍚庯紝闄堢儧鎬滄墠鍙堢湅鍚戝�忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滀綘浠婂ぉ杩愭皵濂斤紝璧朵笂涓�鍑哄ソ鎴忥紝璺熸垜鏉ャ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄病鏈夎�╁ス绌胯。鏈嶏紝濂逛篃涓嶆暍绌匡紝鐪嬬潃闄堢儧鎬滆蛋鍑哄幓鐨勮儗褰憋紝澶忛湶婊嬬姽璞�涓�涓嬶紝杩炲繖璧疯韩璺熶笂浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀篃娌＄�″ス鏄�鐖�杩樻槸璧帮紝鍙嶆�ｇ洰鐨勪篃涓嶅湪姝ゃ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭窡鐫�闄堢儧鎬滆繘浜嗗湴涓嬪尯鍩熶笁灞傦紝濂规渶澶氬幓杩囦竴灞傦紝浠庢潵娌℃兂杩囦笁灞備細杩欎箞鐨勨�︹�︽儴缁濅汉瀵般��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欓噷鍍忔瀬浜嗗彜浠ｇ殑鐗㈡埧锛屾瘡涓�琚�鍏冲湪杩欓噷鐨勫ゴ闅堕兘鏄�濂勫�勪竴鎭�锛屾弧韬�浼ょ棔锛屽�忛湶婊嬩竴璺�鐪嬭繃鍘伙紝涓嶇敱寰楁媴蹇冿紝闄堢儧鎬滃甫濂规潵杩欓噷骞蹭粈涔堬紵鏄�瑕佸湪杩欓噷缃氬ス鍚楋紵<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;璧板埌涓�闂撮棬鍓嶏紝闄堢儧鎬滃仠涓嬩簡锛岄『鐫�鐪嬭繃鍘伙紝鎴垮唴鏈変竴涓�濂崇敓锛屾姳鐫�鑳宠唺鍧愬湪搴婅竟锛屽ス闀垮緱寰堢編锛屾竻鍐风殑闈㈠簽锛屼綆鍨傜潃鐨勭溂鐪搁噷娌℃湁涓�鐐瑰効鍏夛紝鍏夎８鐧界殭鐨勮韩浣撳嵈鎴愪簡鎭板埌濂藉�勭殑鐐圭紑锛屾槗纰庢劅涓庡噷涔卞湪濂圭殑韬�涓婂畬缇庣殑灞曠幇鍑烘潵锛岄ザ鏄�澶忛湶婊嬩竴涓�濂崇敓涔熶笉鐢卞緱鎯婅壋鍒颁簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鑰岄棬鍙ｈ繕绔欎簡濂藉嚑涓�瀹堝崼锛岀畝鍏�涔熺珯鍦ㄩ偅鍎裤��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�缁欓檲鐑涙�滃紑闂�锛岃�╀袱浜鸿蛋杩涘幓銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鍒板姩闈欑殑濂崇敓涓嬫剰鎬濇姮澶达紝瑙佸埌闄堢儧鎬滅殑鐬�闂村張浣庝笅澶达紝璧疯韩璺�鍦ㄩ檲鐑涙�滆窡鍓嶏紝鈥滀富浜恒�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫儕璁剁殑鐪嬬潃濂崇敓锛岃繖鏄�闄堢儧鎬滅殑濂撮毝锛�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈暱鏈�浜嬩簡锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滃紑鍙ｏ紝鍐板喎鐨勮��姘旀縺鐨勫父鍜涗竴涓�鍝嗗棪銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃�广�佸�逛笉璧封�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鐢ㄤ笉鐫�璺熸垜閬撴瓑銆傗�濋檲鐑涙�滃潗鍦ㄤ竴杈癸紝鐪嬬潃璺�鍦ㄦ埧闂撮噷鐨勫コ瀛┿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;甯稿挍鎶�澶达紝鈥滀富浜猴紝鎴戔�︹�︽垜鏄�鏈夊師鍥犵殑鈥︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;閭ｄ箞涓�鍓�鍙�鎬滄牱瀛愶紝澶忛湶婊嬬湅浜嗛兘蹇冪柤锛屽彲闄堢儧鎬滃亸鍋忎笉涓烘墍鍔�锛屸�滀綘瑙夊緱鎴戝湪涔庝綘鐨勫師鍥狅紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆交杞绘暡鐫�妞呰儗锛屽湪甯稿挍鍚�璧锋潵鍍忔槸鍗遍櫓鐨勮��鍙凤紝鍙�鍋忓亸鍢撮噷璇村嚭鏉ョ殑璇濇槸閭ｄ箞鐨勭殑婕�涓嶇粡蹇冿細鈥滀綘鍙�鏄�绗�涓�涓�浠庢垜鎵嬮噷鍑哄幓琚�閫佸洖鏉ョ殑锛岃崳骞稿悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;甯稿挍澶翠綆鐨勮秺鍙戜綆浜嗭紝涓嶆暍鍐嶅�氳�翠竴鍙ヨ瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅粰闂ㄥ�栫殑绠�鍏�浣夸簡涓�鐪艰壊锛岀畝鍏�甯︿汉鎶�杩涙潵涓�涓�閫忔槑绠卞瓙锛屼笂闈㈡寲浜嗕竴涓�娲烇紝鑰岄偅涓�绠卞瓙閲屼笉鏄�绌虹殑锛岄噷闈㈣��鏀惧叆浜嗗瘑瀵嗛夯楹荤殑涓�灞傚皬铔囥��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浠呬粎涓�鐪硷紝渚夸护澶忛湶婊嬪ご鐨�鍙戦夯銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;甯稿挍鏄剧劧涔熺湅鍒颁簡锛岃藩鍦ㄥ湴涓婄殑韬�瀛愮憻鐟熷彂鎶栥��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅粰浣犱釜鏈轰細锛屸�濋檲鐑涙�滆�达紝鈥滄兂姝昏繕鏄�鎯虫椿锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬湅浜嗙湅鏃佽竟鐨勭�卞瓙锛岃�佹椿鐨勮瘽锛岄偅蹇呯劧鏄�瑕佸彈灏芥姌纾ㄧ殑锛屽�掍笉濡傛�讳簡鐥涘揩锛屽彲甯稿挍鍗翠笉鏄�杩欎箞鎯崇殑銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄兂娲汇�傗�濆父鍜涜�淬��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫儕璁讹紝蹇嶄笉浣忓嚭澹帮紝鈥滀负浠�涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎰忚瘑鍒颁笉瀵癸紝澶忛湶婊嬬珛椹�闂�涓婂槾锛岀湅鍚戝潗鍦ㄤ竴杈圭殑闄堢儧鎬滐紝闄堢儧鎬滀篃鍙�鏄�鐪嬩簡濂逛竴鐪硷紝娌℃湁璇翠粈涔堛��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄兂濂戒簡锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄槸銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅偣澶达紝鈥滆繘鍘诲惂銆傗��<br />
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