chapter8

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅鐫�澶忛湶婊嬬珯鍦ㄩ偅閲屼竴鍔ㄤ笉鍔�锛岃交绗戯細鈥滃噯澶囨垜璇蜂綘杩囨潵锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬭�ゅ懡锛岃蛋鍒伴檲鐑涙�滆窡鍓嶏紝璺�涓嬨��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆韩瀛愬井寰�鍓嶅�撅紝浼告墜鍕捐捣澶忛湶婊嬩笅宸达細鈥滃垰鍒氭兂闂�浠�涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬湅浜嗛檲鐑涙�滀竴鐪硷紝涓嶅お纭�瀹氶檲鐑涙�滆繖浼氬効鏄�浠�涔堟剰鎬濓紝鎽囨憞澶达細鈥滄病鏈夈�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄病鏈夊悧锛熸満涓嶅彲澶便�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滅殑澹伴煶寰堣交寰堣交锛屽氨鍍忔槸娣�浜嗘瘨鐨勬灉瀛愶紝缇庝附鍗村張甯︾潃鍗遍櫓鐨勮��鎭�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬姽璞�涓�涓嬶紝璇达細鈥滄垜鎯崇煡閬撳ス鐘�浜嗕粈涔堥敊锛熻�佽繖涓�鏍峰瓙鈥︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃摝锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滃ソ绗戠殑鏀惧紑浜嗗�忛湶婊嬶紝鈥滆繕璁板緱浣犱粖澶╀笅鍗堣�佸共浠�涔堝悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆�风綒锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅浜嗕竴鐪煎父鍜涳紝閬擄細鈥滀綘涓�浼氬効鍙�涓嶄竴瀹氭瘮濂瑰ソ鍙椼�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬮棴浜嗗槾銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃憡璇変綘涔熸棤濡�锛屽ス寮戜富銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬毐鐪夛紝鈥滃彲鏄�鈥︹�﹀ス濡傛灉鏄�琚�閫肩殑鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆皝浼氶�煎ス锛熷ス鐨勪富浜哄悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃�傛灉濂规槸鏈夊師鍥犵殑鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闂�瀹岃繖鍙ヨ瘽锛岄檲鐑涙�滃崐澶╂病鏈夎�磋瘽锛屽�忛湶婊嬩笉瑙ｇ殑鎶�澶达紝鐚濅笉鍙婇槻鎾炶繘浜嗛檲鐑涙�滅殑娣遍們鐨勭洰鍏変腑锛岄偅鏍锋紗榛戠殑鐬冲瓟锛屾�绘矇銆佸瘋闈欙紝浠胯嫢姘歌繙瑙︿笉鍒板簳绔�鐨勬棤搴曟礊锛屼护澶忛湶婊嬩竴鏃朵笉鐭ユ墍鎺�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃�忛湶婊嬨�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滃紑鍙ｄ簡锛岃繖濂藉儚鏄�濂圭��涓�娆″彨鑷�宸辩殑鍚嶅瓧锛屼豢鑻ヤ竴涓�涓�鏁插嚮鍑烘潵鐨勯煶绗﹁惤鍦ㄥ�忛湶婊嬪績澶翠笂锛屽啺鍐风殑娌℃湁涓�涓濇劅鎯咃紝鍗村張濂藉惉鐨勪豢浣涘す鏉傜潃鍚勭�嶆儏鎰熴��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃�傛灉浣犺��閫艰揩銆佸�傛灉浣犱篃鏈夌悊鐢憋紝浣犱細鏉�鎴戝悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪績涓嬩竴鎯婏紝杩欏垎鏄庡氨鏄�涓�閬撻�佸懡棰橈紝鎬庝箞绛斾技涔庨兘鏄�閿欑殑锛岃繖閬撻�樻病鏈夋爣鍑嗙瓟妗堛��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄偍鏄�鏈夌瓟妗堢殑锛屼笉鏄�鍚楋紵鈥濆�忛湶婊嬪弽闂�锛屼笌鍏惰�╅檲鐑涙�滀粠濂圭殑绛旀�堜腑鎵鹃夯鐑︼紝鍊掍笉濡傛妸闂�棰樻姏缁欓檲鐑涙�滐紝鍙�濂瑰埌搴曚綆浼颁簡闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄祬娴呬竴绗戯紝鈥滅湅鏉ユ槸鎯虫潃鐨勩�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫�ｆ兂鐫�璇ユ�庝箞杈╄В锛岀獊鐒堕檲鐑涙�滆韩瀛愬墠鍊撅紝涓�鎶婃姄浣忓�忛湶婊嬪ご鍙戯紝杩�浣垮ス鐨勫ご楂橀珮鎵�璧凤紝鈥滃ゴ闅朵笉搴旇�ユ湁浠讳綍鎬濇兂锛屾槑鐧藉悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂瑰綋鐒舵槑鐧斤紝鍙�鏄�澶寸毊鎾曟壇鐨勭柤鐥涗护濂硅�翠笉鍑轰竴鍙ヨ瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓�澶氬崐鐨勫ご鍙戣��鎶撳湪鎵嬮噷锛岄檲鐑涙�滄�ｈ祻鐫�濂圭棝鑻︾殑琛ㄦ儏锛岀洰鍏夋參鎱㈢Щ鍒颁簡濂圭殑澶村彂涓婏紝濂戒竴浼氬効鎵嶉亾锛氣�滆繕璁板緱鎴戜箣鍓嶈窡浣犺�磋繃浠�涔堝悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀粈銆佷粈涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄兂涓嶈捣鏉ュ悧锛熸垜鏉ュ府浣犳兂鎯炽�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滄澗浜嗘墜锛岄噸鏂板悜鍚庨潬鍘伙紝鈥滅畝鍏�锛屾嬁鎶婂壀瀛愯繃鏉ャ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍦颁笅涓夊眰鐨勫垜鎴块噷锛屽悇绉嶅悇鏍风殑宸ュ叿涓�搴斾勘鍏�锛屽彧鏈夋兂涓嶅埌鐨勩��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�绔嬮┈鎷夸簡鍓�瀛愯繃鏉ワ紝鑰屽垰鍒氱紦杩囨潵鐨勫�忛湶婊嬩篃鐬�闂村弽搴旇繃鏉ワ紝瑙侀潰绗�涓�澶╅檲鐑涙�滀技涔庤�磋繃濂逛笉鍠滄�㈠ス鏁ｇ潃澶村彂銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈�鏉ユ槸鎶婂ご鍙戠洏璧锋潵鐨勶紝鍙�澶忛湶婊嬫湰浜烘槸闈炲父鍠滄�㈡暎鐫�澶村彂鐨勶紝鍙堝洜涓轰竴鐩寸粦鐫�涓嶈垝鏈嶏紝鏁呰�屽湪鏅忓獨鎴块棿鐨勬椂鍊欐暎浜嗗ご鍙戯紝蹇樹簡缁戣捣鏉ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄帴杩囧壀瀛愭墧鍦ㄥ�忛湶婊嬭窡鍓嶏紝鐪嬬潃濂圭殑琛ㄦ儏鍙樺寲锛屼篃鐭ラ亾濂规兂璧锋潵浜嗭紝閬擄細鈥滀綘鑷�宸辨潵杩樻槸鎴戝府浣狅紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫病鏈夊幓纰伴偅鎶婂壀瀛愶紝鎶�澶寸湅鍚戦檲鐑涙�滐紝鈥滃�逛笉璧凤紝鎴戦敊浜嗭紝鎴戞湰鏉ユ槸缁戣捣鏉ョ殑锛屽悗鏉モ�︹�︹�濆�忛湶婊嬬獊鐒跺仠浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝濂圭瓟搴旇繃鏅忓獨涓嶈兘璇村嚭濂逛滑瑙佽繃鐨勪簨銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄寫鐪夛紝鈥滃悗鏉ユ�庢牱锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫繁鍚镐竴鍙ｆ皵锛屾病鏈夎�磋瘽锛屼笉灏辨槸澶村彂鍚楋紝鍙堜笉鏄�涓嶄細闀匡紝濂归ⅳ棰ゅ穽宸嶇殑鎷胯捣鍓�瀛愶紝澶村彂鎾╁埌鑳稿墠锛岀湅鐫�閭ｅ揩鍒拌叞闂寸殑闀垮彂锛屽�忛湶婊嬪�嬬粓鐙犱笉涓嬪績鏉ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;濂瑰張鐪嬪悜闄堢儧鎬滐紝鈥滆�佷笉鎮ㄥ府甯�鎴戯紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃ソ鍟娿�傗�濋檲鐑涙�滅瓟搴旂殑鐗瑰埆骞茶剢锛屽ス璧疯韩韫插埌澶忛湶婊嬭窡鍓嶏紝浠庡�忛湶婊嬫墜涓婃嬁杩囧壀瀛愶紝鎵嬩笂蹇�閫熺炕杞�鐩寸洿鍚戜笅鎻掕繘浜嗚藩鍧愮潃鐨勫�忛湶婊嬬殑澶ц吙鍐呫��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃晩鈥斺�斺��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;寮虹儓鐨勫埡鐥涗娇寰楀�忛湶婊嬪集涓嬩簡鑵帮紝濂规帶鍒朵笉浣忎几鎵嬫彙浣忎簡闄堢儧鎬滅殑鎵嬭厱锛岄檲鐑涙�滄病鏈夋澗鎵嬶紝鑰屾槸鍐峰喎鐨勭湅鐫�濂癸細鈥滄澗鎵嬨�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫憞澶达紝鈥滄垜閿欎簡锛屾垜鐪熺殑閿欎簡锛屾斁浜嗘垜鍚с�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄病鏈夎�磋瘽锛屾寜鐫�鍓�瀛愭參鎱㈠線涓嬶紝濂规瘡涓嬩竴鍒嗭紝澶忛湶婊嬫彙浣忓ス鎵嬭厱涓婄殑鎵嬩究鐢ㄥ姏涓�鍒嗭紝鈥滆吙涓嶆兂瑕佷簡锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鐫�闄堢儧鎬滅殑澹伴煶锛屽�忛湶婊嬭繖鎵嶆槑鐧借繃鏉ワ紝鍙�瑕佸ス鐨勬墜杩樻姄鐫�锛岄檲鐑涙�滃氨涓嶅彲鑳芥澗鎵嬶紝澶忛湶婊嬬珛椹�鏉句簡鎵嬶紝闄堢儧鎬滅粓浜庝笉鍐嶆姄鐫�鍓�瀛愮户缁�寰�涓嬩簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄姄鐫�鍓�瀛愮紦缂撹浆鍔�锛屽�忛湶婊嬪弻鎵嬫拺鍦ㄥ湴涓婏紝鎸囩敳姝绘�诲湴鎶撶潃鍦伴潰锛屽繊鍙楃潃琛�鑲夋弶鎼呯殑鐤肩棝锛岀粓浜庯紝闄堢儧鎬滄挙浜嗘墜锛屾煋浜嗚��鐨勫壀瀛愯��鎵斿湪涓�杈癸紝闄堢儧鎬滃張鍧愪簡鍥炲幓锛屸�滆繖鏄�绗�涓�娆★紝鎴戜笉甯屾湜鏈夌��浜屾�★紝鏄庣櫧鍚楋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬偣鐐瑰ご锛屾病鏈夎�磋瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄�ｈ祻鐫�澶忛湶婊嬬殑鐥涜嫤锛岀湅鐫�濂规槑鏄庝笉鎰垮張涓嶅緱宸茶藩鐩磋韩浣擄紝鈥滆�勭煩璋佹暀浣犵殑锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滈棶銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫嬁涓嶅噯濂圭殑鎬佸害锛屽皬蹇冪考缈肩殑寮�鍙ｏ細鈥滅畝鍔╃悊鍜屸�︹�﹀叾浠栧ゴ闅躲�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃摝锛熻繕鏈夊叾浠栧ゴ闅讹紵璋侊紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬩綆鐫�澶达紝鈥滃氨鏄�闅斿�佹埧闂撮噷鐨勶紝鎴戔�︹�︿笉鐭ラ亾鍙�浠�涔堚�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃懙锛屸�濋檲鐑涙�滃喎绗戜竴澹帮紝鈥滀綘璇村叾浠栧氨鍏朵粬鍚с�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;璇寸潃锛屽ス鐪嬪悜涓�鏃佷竴鐩村湪闂�鐫�鐪肩潧榛橀粯蹇嶅彈鐨勫父鍜涳紝鏁蹭簡涓や笅鎵舵墜锛岃�达細鈥滃父鍜涳紝鐪肩潧鐫佸紑銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;甯稿挍鍚�璇濈殑鐫佸紑鐪肩潧锛岀湅鐫�闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅粰浣犱竴涓�鍑忓垜鐨勬満浼氾紝鈥濋檲鐑涙�滆�达紝鈥滀綘鐩�鐫�濂癸紝鎸囧嚭涓�涓�閿欒��缁欎綘鍑忎竴涓�灏忔椂锛岃嫢鏄�娌℃寚鍑猴紝琚�鎴戝彂鐜颁簡锛屽姞涓や釜灏忔椂锛屾槑鐧藉悧锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;甯稿挍锛氣�滄槑鐧姐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅殑鎵嬫寚灞堣捣锛屾湁涓�涓嬫病涓�涓嬬殑鏁插嚮鐫�鎵舵墜锛屸�滄柊鎵嬩笂璺�锛岀粰浣犱竴鐐瑰叧鐓с�傗��