chapter22

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪摢閲岃藩寰楀�熶竴涓�灏忔椂锛岄檲鐑涙�滃垰璧帮紝绠�鍏�灏辫繘鏉ヤ簡銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�鐪嬪埌澶忛湶婊嬫弧韬�鐨勪激锛屼笉鐢卞緱鐨辩湁銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃埆璺�浜嗭紝璧锋潵鎴戠粰浣犱笂鑽�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍝�鎬曟剰璇嗘叮鏁ｏ紝澶忛湶婊嬩粛鏄�鎽囨憞澶达紝鈥滀富浜衡�︹�︿笉璁┾�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�鍙逛簡鍙ｆ皵锛屸�滃惉濂硅儭璇达紝濂瑰氨鏄�鍦ㄦ壘鑼�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀负浠�涔堬紵鈥濆�忛湶婊嬭��绠�鍏�鎵惰捣鏉ワ紝杩樻槸涓嶇敱寰楅棶浜嗕竴鍙ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆嚜宸遍兘鍗婃�讳笉娲荤殑浜嗭紝杩樼�￠偅涔堝�氬共浠�涔堬紵鈥濈畝鍏�鎵剁潃濂瑰洖浜嗘埧闂达紝鎶婂ス鏀惧湪搴婁笂锛岃浆韬�鍘绘壘鑽�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬫槒鏄忔矇娌夛紝涓嶄竴浼氬効灏辩潯浜嗚繃鍘伙紝绠�鍏�涓嬫墜寰堣交锛岄櫎浜嗕笉鏃剁殑涓�涓ゅ０杞诲摷锛屽�忛湶婊嬪嚑涔庢病鏈夐啋杩囨潵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀笅鎵嬬湅鐫�鍙�鎬曪紝鍗撮兘鏄�鏀剁潃鍔涚殑锛屽熀鏈�娌℃湁浼ゅ埌鏍圭殑锛屽叏韬�涓婁笅鏈�閲嶇殑鎭愭�曞氨鏄�閿侀�ㄤ笂鐨勭幆浜嗗惂銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�涓婂畬鑽�鍚庯紝鐩存帴缁欏�忛湶婊嬫墦浜嗕竴閽堝畨鐪狅紝鐪嬬潃澶忛湶婊嬩竴鐩寸毐鐫�鐨勭湁澶存笎娓愯垝缂撲簡涓嬫潵锛岀畝鍏�鎵嶆媿鎷嶆墜绂诲紑銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;榄呭�滃ぇ鍘咃紝杞﹀瓙鍒氬垰鍋滃湪闂ㄥ彛锛岄檲鍒濆�忓氨寮�闂ㄤ笅浜嗚溅锛屼簯淇＄揣璺熷叾鍚庯紝椤烘墜缁欑畝鍏�鍙戜簡娑堟伅锛氬ぇ灏忓�愬埌浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欒竟绠�鍏�鍒氬垰鍑轰簡澶忛湶婊嬬殑鎴块棿锛岀湅鐫�娑堟伅涓�闃靛ご鐤硷紝灏变笉鑳借�╁ス姝囦細鍎匡紒<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�蹇�姝ュ線鍓嶅巺璧板幓锛屽ス涓嶆暍鐩存帴缁欓檲鐑涙�滄墦鐢佃瘽锛屼簬鏄�鎷ㄩ�氫簡瀹︾惉鐨勭數璇濓細鈥滃皬濮愬憿锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀹︾惉鐪嬬潃绔欏湪澧撶�戝墠鐨勯檲鐑涙�滐紝鍚庨��涓ゆ�ュ帇浣庡０闊抽亾锛氶櫟鍥�銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�鎰ｄ簡涓�涓嬶紝杩欐�庝箞涓�浼氬効鍔熷か鍙堣窇鍑哄幓浜嗭紵涓嶄細鏄�涓轰簡韬插ぇ灏忓�愬惂锛�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃ぇ灏忓�愭潵浜嗭紝鎴戝厛鎷栫潃锛屼綘璁╁皬濮愬揩鍥炴潵銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;瀹︾惉锛氣�滅煡閬撲簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓�妤煎ぇ鍘咃紝绠�鍏�鍒氳繃鏉ュ氨鐪嬭�侀檲鍒濆�忔皵鍔挎惫姹圭殑閫奸棶鐫�闄堢儧鎬滅殑涓嬭惤锛岄檲鐑涙�滃湪榄呭�滅敤鐨勯兘鏄�鑺卞悕鈥滃コ宸�鈥濓紝鍓嶅彴鍝�閲岀煡閬撻檲鐑涙�滄槸璋併��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�蹇�姝ヨ蛋杩囧幓锛屸�滃ぇ灏忓�愶紒鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堝垵澶忎篃涓嶅簾璇濓紝鈥滄厱閽板嚌鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥溾�︹�︽�讳簡銆傗�濈畝鍏�浣庣潃澶翠笉鏁㈢湅闄堝垵澶忋��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃暘锛佲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堝垵澶忎竴宸存帉鎵囧湪绠�鍏�鑴镐笂锛屸�滄垜鏈夋病鏈夎�磋繃鎷︾潃濂癸紒鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�涔熸槸鍗佸垎濮斿眻锛屽ス鍝�閲屾嫤寰椾綇鍟婏紒<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶у巺閲岀粓褰掓槸涓嶅ソ璇磋瘽鐨勶紝鍐嶅姞涓婂懆鍥撮┗瓒冲洿瑙傜殑浜鸿秺鏉ヨ秺澶氾紝绠�鍏�姹傚姪鐨勭湅鍚戦檲鍒濆�忚韩鍚庣殑浜戜俊銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浜戜俊鏄�闄堝垵澶忕殑璐磋韩渚嶅崼锛屼粬璇寸殑璇濋檲鍒濆�忓悜鏉ユ槸浼氬惉鐨勶紝灏ゅ叾鏄�闄堝垵澶忕偢姣涚殑鏃跺�欍��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浜戜俊鏃犲�堜笂鍓嶄竴姝ワ紝浣庡０閬擄細鈥滃皬濮愶紝鎹�涓�鍦版柟璇村惂锛屼汉澶�澶氫簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堝垵澶忕湅浜嗕粬涓�鐪硷紝缁堢┒娌″啀璇翠粈涔堬紝鈥滈檲鐑涙�滃憿锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;绠�鍏�鐪嬫皵姘涚紦浜嗕笅鏉ワ紝绔嬮┈閬擄細鈥滃皬濮愬嚭鍘讳簡锛岄┈涓婂洖鏉ワ紝澶у皬濮愬厛鍦ㄥ皬濮愬姙鍏�瀹ょ瓑浼氬効锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堝垵澶忔病璇翠粈涔堬紝璺熺潃绠�鍏�涓婃ゼ銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堝垵澶忓潗鍦ㄦ矙鍙戜笂锛屾嫧閫氫簡闄堢儧鎬滅殑鐢佃瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈樋濮愶紵鈥濋檲鐑涙�滄噿鎳掔殑澹伴煶浠庣數璇濋偅杈逛紶杩囨潵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鍦ㄥ摢鍎匡紵鈥濋檲鍒濆�忓己蹇嶆�掔伀闂�閬撱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅浜嗕竴涓嬬獥澶栵紝绗戦亾锛氣�滃�栭潰鍟婏紝鎬庝箞浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜鍦ㄩ瓍澶溿�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃摝锛屽彨绠�鍏�濂藉ソ鎷涘緟涓�涓嬨�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈檲鐑涙�滐紒鈥濋檲鍒濆�忓繊涓嶄綇浜嗭紝闄堢儧鎬滃垎鏄庡氨鏄�韬茬潃濂逛笉闇查潰锛屸�滀綘鐜板湪绔嬮┈缁欐垜鍥炴潵锛佲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅湅浜嗕竴鐪煎�归潰鐨勪汉锛岀瑧閬擄細鈥滄垜鐜板湪鍥炰笉鍘伙紝鎱曞叕瀛愯�锋垜鍠濊尪鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;涓や汉鐨勭數璇濆潎寮�鐫�鍏嶆彁锛屽惉鍒扳�滄厱鍏�瀛愨�濅笁涓�瀛楋紝鐢佃瘽涓よ竟鐨勪汉鐨嗘槸涓�鎯婏紝鎱曢槼鐓︾湅鐫�闄堢儧鎬滀技绗戦潪绗戠殑琛ㄦ儏锛屽績閲屾崏鎽镐笉閫忛檲鐑涙�滆�佸共浠�涔堬紝姝ｈ�佸紑鍙ｏ紝渚垮惉瑙佺數璇濋偅杈归檲鍒濆�忕殑澹伴煶浼犳潵锛氣�滃摢涓�鎱曞叕瀛愶紵鎱曢槼鐓︼紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧鐫�鐪嬩簡鎱曢槼鐓︿竴鐪硷紝鈥滄槸鍟娿�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鍦ㄥ摢鍎匡紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滈渼浜戦厭搴椼�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜椹�涓婂埌銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄棤鎵�璋撶殑鎸備簡鐢佃瘽锛屽�硅韩杈圭殑瀹︾惉閬擄細鈥滀綘鍘诲�栬竟绛夌潃銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃皬濮愩�傗�濆�︾惉鐪嬩簡涓�鐪兼厱闃崇叇鍙婅韩鍚庣珯鐫�鐨勭敺浜猴紝鎷呭績鐨勭湅鐫�闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎱曢槼鐓︾瑧浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鎽嗘墜璁╄韩鍚庝汉鍑哄幓浜嗭紝瀹︾惉鍙堢湅浜嗕竴鐪奸檲鐑涙�滐紝杩欐墠绂诲紑銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄厱鍏�瀛愶紝鏈夎瘽鐩磋�存尯濂界殑锛屽埆鍐嶈窡鎴戠粫鏉ョ粫鍘讳簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎱曢槼鐓﹀按灏�鐨勫枬浜嗕竴鍙ｈ尪锛岄亾锛氣�滀簩灏忓�愶紝浣犱篃鐭ラ亾鎱曢挵鍑濊櫧鏄�涓�鏃佺郴锛屼絾鍒板簳鏄�鎴戞厱瀹剁殑浜衡�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄墍浠ュ憿锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖浠朵簨鏄�鎴戞厱瀹剁悊浜忥紝鎱曞�舵効鎰忓嚭閽变繚閲婃厱閽板嚌锛屾偍鐪嬪�備綍锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃喎绗戯紝鈥滄厱閽板嚌韬�涓婂埌搴曟湁浠�涔堬紵鎱曢泚涓濆湪鎴戣繖鍎胯��鍏充簡涓�骞翠篃娌¤�佷綘浠�鍑轰竴涓�浜烘晳濂广�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖涓�鈥︹�︹�濇厱闃崇叇鐘硅鲍鐫�锛屸�滄厱閽板嚌纭�瀹炰笉鑳芥�伙紝鎱曢泚涓濇槸鎱曢挵鍑濅翰濡瑰�癸紝鎮ㄧ湅鍙�涓嶅彲浠ヨ�╂厱闆佷笣浠ｆ浛鎱曢挵鍑濓紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆��姘旂瑧浜嗭紝鈥滀綘浠�鎱曞�跺彲鐪熸槸鍋忓績鍟娿�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃彲鏄�鎱曞叕瀛愶紝浣犱笉璇存竻妤氾紝鎴戞�庝箞鐭ラ亾鎱曢挵鍑濇垜鏀剧殑鍊间笉鍊硷紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜鈥︹�︹�濇厱闃崇叇鐘硅鲍鐫�锛屽崐澶╄�翠笉鍑鸿瘽鏉ャ��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滃張閬擄細鈥滆繖涓�骞撮噷锛屾厱闆佷笣鍦ㄦ垜杩欓噷娌′汉鏉ユ晳锛屼綘浠�鎱曞�朵繚鎶ょ潃鎱曢挵鍑濅笉璁╂垜鎵惧埌锛屾垜杩欐墠鍒氬垰鎶撳洖鏉ヤ笉鍒颁簩鍗佸洓涓�灏忔椂锛屼綘浠�灏辨潵浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄厱鍏�瀛愶紝鎶婃垜褰撶尨鑰嶅憿锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀笉锛佷笉鏄�锛佲�濈幇鍦ㄦ厱閽板嚌鍦ㄩ檲鐑涙�滄墜涓婏紝鎱曢槼鐓︿篃涓嶆暍鎯规�掗檲鐑涙�滐紝鍙�鑳介亾锛氣�滀笉鏄�鑸嶄笉寰楀ス锛岃�屾槸濂圭殑鎵嬮噷鏄�鏁翠釜鎱曞�剁殑鍛姐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀簩灏忓�愶紝鎴戠煡閬撳綋骞存槸鎱曢挵鍑濆�逛笉璧蜂綘锛岃櫧鐒舵厱瀹舵病鏈夊弬涓庯紝鍙�鍑轰簡閭ｄ簨鍎匡紝鎱曞�跺摢閲岃繕鏁㈠寘搴囥�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎱曢槼鐓﹀張鐘硅鲍浜嗕竴涓嬶紝閬擄細鈥滄厱闆佷笣褰撳勾璺熺潃濂瑰�愬�愶紝缁欐厱瀹跺�＄郴鐨勫嚑涓�涓嬩簡姣掞紝鑰岃繖瑙ｈ嵂锛岀幇鍦ㄥ彧鏈夋厱閽板嚌鏈夈�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀粈涔堟瘨锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎱曢槼鐓︽憞澶达紝鈥滀笉鐭ラ亾锛屽競闈�涓婃煡涓嶅嚭鏉ャ�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄厱闆佷笣鍛�锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎱曢槼鐓︽憞澶达紝鈥滆繖姣掓槸鎱曢挵鍑濈殑锛屾厱闆佷笣鍙�鏄�甯�鎵嬶紝鎱曢挵鍑濅负浜嗙壍鍒舵厱瀹讹紝涔熷彧鏄�瀹氭湡缁欑紦瑙ｅ墏锛屼笉缁欒В鑽�銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅毐鐪夛紝鎱曢槼鐓﹀張閬擄細鈥滆繖浠朵簨璇磋捣鏉ョ‘瀹炰涪浜猴紝鍙�涔熸槸涓嶄簤鐨勪簨瀹烇紝鑻ラ潪濡傛�わ紝鎴戜滑鍝�鑳借窡闄堝�跺仛瀵广�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅�讳笅涓�娆＄紦瑙ｅ墏杩樻湁澶氶暱鏃堕棿锛熲�濋檲鐑涙�滈棶銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀竴涓�鏈堛�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍚�鍒拌繖鐣�璇濓紝闄堢儧鎬滈櫡鍏ヤ簡娌夋�濓紝鎱曢槼鐓︿篃娌″啀璇翠粈涔堬紝绛夌潃闄堢儧鎬滅粰涓�缁撴灉銆�<br />
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