chapter38

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬煡閬擄紝瀵逛簬闄堝垵澶忔潵璇达紝涓�鏋�鏉�浜嗚嚜宸辨湭鍏嶅お杩囩畝鍗曪紝濂规瘡澶╄��涓嶅悓鐨勫垜缃氣�滀己鍊欌�濈潃锛岄棶鏉ラ棶鍘讳篃鍙�鏈変竴鍙モ�滆В鑽�鍦ㄥ摢鍎匡紵鈥濇牴鏈�娌℃湁浜烘兂杩囪�佷粠濂瑰槾閲屽埌鐨勭瓟妗堬紝闄堝垵澶忓彧鎯宠�佹姌纾ㄦ�诲ス銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦鐪嬬潃宸茬粡瑙ｄ簡姣掞紝鍗磋繕鍦ㄦ槒杩蜂腑鐨勯檲鐑涙�滐紝鍙逛簡鍙ｆ皵锛屽潗鍦ㄥス搴婅竟锛岄亾锛氣�滄垜鍘熷厛浠ヤ负浣犲氨澶熷�斿緱浜嗭紝娌℃兂鍒颁綘濮愬�愭洿鍊旓紝鐪熸槸涓嶆槸涓�瀹朵汉锛屼笉杩涗竴瀹堕棬銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃�忛湶婊嬪揩姝讳簡锛屼綘濮愬�愭瘡澶╃敤鍚勭�嶉叿鍒戞嫑寰呯潃锛屽ス鍦ㄤ綘鎵嬮噷閮芥病鏈夊彈杩囪繖缃�鍚э紝浣犱笉蹇冪柤锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦涔熸病鏈夌湅闄堢儧鎬滐紝鍙�浣庣潃澶磋嚜椤捐嚜鐨勯亾锛氣�滀綘鐪熺殑鍠滄�㈠ス鍚楋紵浣犲枩娆㈠ス浣犳�庝箞蹇嶅績涓�涓�浜虹潯閭ｄ箞涔咃紝鐣欏ス涓�涓�浜哄湪澶栭潰瀵逛粯浣犲�愬�愶紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繕鏄�涓嶅�熷枩娆㈠惂锛屾垜鏃╁氨璇磋繃浜嗭紝浣犳槸鍜屾垜涓�鏍风殑浜恒�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃搸锛屸�濇湪鏄熷張鍙逛簡鍙ｆ皵锛屾埑鎴抽檲鐑涙�滅殑鑳宠唺锛屸�滀綘鐪熺殑涓嶆効鎰忚捣鏉ワ紵浣犲啀涓嶈捣鏉ヤ綘鐨勫皬濂撮毝鐪熺殑瑕佹�讳簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滅煡閬撲簡锛屽埆鎴充簡锛屼綘鎸ㄥ嚑鏋�璇曡瘯銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅獊鐒跺嚭澹板悡浜嗘湪鏄熶竴璺筹紝鏈ㄦ槦鎰ｄ簡涓�涓嬶紝鈥滀笉鏄�鍚э紝杩樼湡绠＄敤锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鍖婚櫌鍚勭�嶈嵂渚涚潃锛岃嵂瀹楃殑鍚勭�嶈兘璧锋�诲洖鐢熺殑鑽�涔熺敤鐫�锛屽啀涓嶉啋鏉ワ紝闄堢儧鎬滄劅瑙夐兘瑕佸�逛笉璧疯繖浜涜嵂浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦婵�鍔ㄥ湴绔欒捣鏉ワ紝鍒氭兂璇村嚭鍘诲彨鍖荤敓锛岀獊鐒剁嫄鐤戠殑鐪嬬潃濂癸紝鈥滀綘涓嶆槸鍒氶啋锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧鐫�鐐圭偣澶达紝鈥滄湁涓ゅぉ浜嗗惂銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀粈涔堬紒鈥濇湪鏄熶笂鍓嶄竴姝ワ紝鈥滀綘鏃╁氨閱掍簡浣犱笉璇达紵浣犲氨鏄�鎯宠�佸�忛湶婊嬫�诲惂锛熲��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆櫄寮辩殑绗戠瑧锛屸�滃�忛湶婊嬫�讳笉浜嗭紝浣嗘槸鎴戞殏鏃朵笉鑳介啋銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃墠涓ゅぉ鎴戦樋濮愬湪锛屼笉鏂逛究鐫佺溂銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃共浠�涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄槗涓�瀹瑰憲锛屼綘鎵句釜浜烘壆鎴愭垜鐨勬牱瀛愯汉鍦ㄨ繖锛屾垜涓婂矝杞�涓�鍦堝幓銆傗�濋檲鐑涙�滆��鏈ㄦ槦鎵剁潃鎱㈡參鍧愯捣鏉ワ紝璇达紝鈥滄垜濮愯�佹槸鐭ラ亾鎴戦啋浜嗭紝涓�瀹氫細瀵规垜涓ュ姞鐪嬬�★紝鍒版椂鍊欏埆璇翠笂宀涗簡锛屾垜杩炵撼姣斿矝鐨勯偅浜涜祫鏂欓兘涓嶄細鐪嬭�併�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦鍧愬洖妞呭瓙涓婏紝娣℃贰鐨勮�撮亾锛氣�滆�村疄璇濓紝鎴戜篃涓嶈禐鍚屼綘涓婂矝銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧绗戯紝鈥滄櫄浜嗭紝閭ｄ簺浼氭墍宸茬粡琚�鎴戠��浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦鐨辩湁锛屸�滀綘璇翠粈涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜鏈夋垜鐨勪汉锛屾槸鎴戦樋濮愮�′笉鍒扮殑锛屾垜缁欎粬浠�鐨勬寚浠ゆ槸锛�24涓�灏忔椂涔嬪悗娌℃湁鎾ゅ洖鍛戒护锛屾寜鍘熻�″垝瀹炶�岋紝铏界劧骞茬殑鏈夌偣闅愮�橈紝浣嗙撼姣斿矝缁濆�瑰彈鍒颁簡閲嶅垱锛屾垜浠�鐨勬�佸瓙鏄�鐪熺殑缁撲笅浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欎綍姝㈡槸鏈夌偣闅愮�橈紝鍏堜笉璇撮檲鍒濆�忚繖涓ゅぉ涓�鐩村湪鏌ヨ繖浜涗笢瑗匡紝灏辫�村ス鏈ㄦ槦閬嶅竷鍏ㄧ悆鐨勭溂绾匡紝绔熸槸涓�鐐归�庡０閮芥病鏈夛紝杩欐嫑鐜╃殑锛屾瘮鈥滅嫺鐚�鎹㈠お瀛愨�濊繕濡欙紒<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘鎬庝箞鍋氬埌鐨勶紵鈥濇湪鏄熷疄鍦ㄥソ濂囷紝闂�閬撱��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄�庝箞璇村憿锛屸�濋檲鐑涙�滅◢寰�渚т簡鐐硅韩瀛愶紝閬垮紑浼ゅ彛锛屾壘浜嗕釜鑸掓湇鐨勫Э鍔匡紝閬擄細鈥滄垜鐨勪汉鍦ㄩ噷闈㈣洶浼忎簡涓夊勾锛屽共浠�涔堢殑閮芥湁锛屾湁鐨勯兘骞插埌缁忕悊鐨勪綅缃�浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦锛氣�溾�︹�︹��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘涓嶆槸璇翠綘浠�涔堥兘娌℃湁鏌ュ嚭鏉ュ悧锛熲�濇湪鏄熺獊鐒舵湁绉嶈��鑰嶄簡鐨勬劅瑙夈��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄槸鍟婏紝杩欎簺鍦版柟鏄�鏀堕泦鎯呮姤鏈�濂界殑鍘诲�勶紝杩欎笉杩炴垜閮藉幓榄呭�滀簡銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浣犲彲鐪熸槸韬�鍏堝＋鍗掔殑濂藉吀鑼冦��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦绗戠瑧锛屸�滄墍浠ワ紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄墍浠ヤ汉瀹跺彧鏄�鍐呴儴鎹�浜嗙偣浜虹舰浜嗭紝浣犺兘鐭ラ亾浠�涔堬紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;纭�瀹烇紝鍍忚繖绉嶄簨锛屾湪鏄熺‘瀹炰笉浼氬湪鎰忋��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘浼ゅソ浜嗘病灏卞埌澶勪贡璺戯紝杩樻湁澶忛湶婊嬫�庝箞鍔烇紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜灏辨槸鍘荤撼姣斿矝鐜╃殑锛屽ソ娌″ソ鑳芥�庝箞鏍凤紵鈥濋檲鐑涙�滄棤鎵�璋撶殑璇达紝鈥滆嚦浜庡�忛湶婊嬶紝鎴戝�愪笉鏄�鎯虫潃濂癸紵鏉�灏辨槸浜嗐�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦鐨辩湁锛屸�滀綘鍚�鍚�浣犺�寸殑鏄�浜鸿瘽鍚楋紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滀几浜嗕釜鎳掕叞锛岀◢寰�鍔ㄥ脊浜嗕竴涓嬶紝鈥滀綘鏅氫笂鎶婁汉鎵惧ソ锛岃�佹紨鎶�濂界偣鐨勶紝瑕佷笉浣犳壘涓�婕斿憳鍚э紝鎴戞櫄涓婅蛋銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滆繖涔堢潃鎬ワ紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃簾璇濓紝鎴戝�愬反涓嶅緱24灏忔椂瀹堢潃鎴戯紝濂戒笉瀹规槗鎵句釜鏈轰細鎶婂ス鏀�鍑哄幓浜嗭紝杩樹笉寰楀揩鐐广�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滀綘寮勭殑锛熷ス骞蹭粈涔堝幓浜嗭紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄潃澶忛湶婊嬪幓浜嗗晩锛岃�佷笉杩樻湁浠�涔堜簨鑳借�╁ス绂诲紑鎴戯紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滃棷锛熲�濇湪鏄熺湡鐨勬槸琚�闄堢儧鎬滄悶寰椾竴鎰ｄ竴鎰ｇ殑锛屸�滀綘鑳芥妸璇濊�存竻妤氬悧锛熻繕鏈夛紝浣犱粈涔堟椂鍊欏共鐨勶紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧绗戯紝鈥滀簨鎯呰�佽В鍐充篃寰堢畝鍗曪紝鎴戣�佸幓绾虫瘮宀涳紝鎴戝�愯偗瀹氫笉瑕佹垜鍘伙紝鐢氳嚦浼氭嬁澶忛湶婊嬫潵濞佽儊鎴戙�傝�屾垜濮愶紝涓嶆潃浜嗗�忛湶婊嬶紝鑲�瀹氬钩涓嶄簡姘旓紝杩欎笉灏卞阀浜嗭紵鈥�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鈥滄垜璁╀汉鍛婅瘔澶忛湶婊嬫悶鐐逛簨锛岃�╂垜濮愭潃濂逛竴娆★紝鎶婂ス寮勫嚭鏉ワ紝鐒跺悗浣犳壘浜轰唬鏇挎垜锛屾垜璺熷ス涓�鍧楀幓绾虫瘮宀涖�傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈ㄦ槦绗戠潃鎽囨憞澶达紝鈥滅湡鏄�闃蹭笉鑳滈槻锛屽墿涓嬬殑鎴戜篃涓嶉棶浜嗭紝鎳掑緱鐚滀綘鐨勮剳鍥炶矾銆傗��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅瑧绗戯紝涓嶈�磋瘽銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪湪鏀跺埌闄堢儧鎬滅殑鍛戒护鏄�寰堟槸鎰忓�栵紝濂硅櫧鐒朵笉鐭ラ亾闄堢儧鎬滀负浠�涔堜笉鐩存帴鏉ユ晳濂癸紝浣嗗ス鐭ラ亾杩欐槸鍞�涓�娲讳笅鍘荤殑鏈轰細浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆�╁ス鎼炵偣浜嬶紝鎶婇檲鍒濆�忓惛寮曡繃鍘汇��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欎釜鏃跺�欙紝鏈変粈涔堣兘鍚稿紩鍒伴檲鍒濆�忕殑娉ㄦ剰鍔涳紵鏃犻潪灏辨槸鍜岄檲鐑涙�滄湁鍏炽��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;浜庢槸褰撳ぉ涓嬪崍锛屽�忛湶婊嬪氨鍊熺潃瀹¤��锛屼氦浠ｅ嚭鑷�宸辨浘缁忎笉姝�涓�娆＄殑瀹宠繃闄堢儧鎬溿��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鏈�鏉ュ氨鏄�鎵句釜鐞嗙敱闅忎究闂�涓ゅ彞锛岀粨鏋滀笉灏忓績闂�鍑轰簡澶х�樺瘑锛岃礋璐ｅ�¤��鐨勪汉涓嶆暍鑰借��锛岀珛椹�鎶ュ憡缁欎簡闄堝垵澶忥紝闄堝垵澶忔灉鐒舵潵浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;鎸夌収闄堢儧鎬滃畨鎺掔殑锛岄偅澶╅檲鍒濆�忔潃鐨勪笉鏄�鐪熺殑澶忛湶婊嬶紝杩炵画涓�鍛ㄧ殑鎶樼（锛屽�忛湶婊嬪湪鏈�鍚庝竴娆″彈鍒戞椂璁ㄤ簡宸э紝浼や簡鑴革紝鍐嶅姞涓婇檲鍒濆�忓彧瑙佽繃濂逛袱娆★紝鐩涙�掍箣涓嬫牴鏈�涓嶄細杩囧�氱殑鍒嗚鲸銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;杩欐墠鏄�鐪熸�ｇ殑鈥滅嫺鐚�鎹㈠お瀛愨�濄��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滅殑浜烘妸澶忛湶婊嬪甫鍑烘潵锛岄�佸埌浜嗕竴杈嗚溅涓婏紝杞︿笂鏈夋棭灏卞噯澶囧ソ鐨勪汉锛屽府濂瑰�勭悊浼ゅ彛锛岀瓑鍒板啀娆¤�佸埌闄堢儧鎬滅殑鏃跺�欙紝宸茬粡鏄�绗�浜屽ぉ浜嗐��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬪甫鐫�涓�涓�鍙ｇ僵锛岄伄浣忚劯涓婄殑浼ゅ彛銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滄槗瀹逛簡锛屼絾濂硅繕鏄�涓�鐪煎氨璁や簡鍑烘潵銆�<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;闄堢儧鎬滆繕鏄�绌跨潃鍜屼箣鍓嶇浉宸�鏃犲嚑鐨勮‖琛�锛岄暱鍙戞姭鏁ｄ笅鏉ワ紝涓嶇煡閬撲激鎬庝箞鏍蜂簡锛屽弽姝ｆ槗浜嗗�圭殑鑴镐笂姘旇壊瑕佸ソ寰堝�氥��<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;澶忛湶婊嬬珯鍦ㄥ師鍦颁笉鏁�涓婂墠锛屼箣鍓嶄互涓烘椿涓嶆垚浜嗭紝瑕佹�昏�佹椿鐨勯椆浜嗕竴鐣�锛屼笉鐭ラ亾闄堢儧鎬滀細鎬庝箞鏍凤紵闄堢儧鎬滆繕浼氫笉浼氭墦濂癸紵杩樻槸闄堢儧鎬滀細浜叉墜鏉�浜嗗ス锛�<br />
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